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The full JLPT N1 vocabulary list (2,699 words)

Every word in kana order. Tap any word for its full entry — audio in two neural voices, example sentences, and kanji breakdowns.

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(花を〜) 生ける, 活ける(はなを～) いけるto arrange (flowers)～宛～あてfor…(e.g., In a letter)～合せ～あわせin all ～営～えい~ run ～界～かいworld, circle ～街～がいtown ～画～かく~ strokes ～掛け～かけrack, hanger ～狂～きょうmaniac, fan ～きりonly ～光～こうlight ～宗～しゅうsect ～署～しょdepartment ～症～しょうdisease ～証～しょうproof, certificate ～嬢～じょうyoung woman ～心～しんmind of ~～著～ちょwritten by ~～どころかrather, far from ～なんかin the least ~～派～はgroup, party ～まみれcovered with (by, in) ~～味～み~ cast (sense of taste)～網～もう~ network ～薬～やくmedicine ～油～ゆ~ oil ～寄り～よりnear to ~ (e.g., North by East)～割～わり~ percent ～増し~increase 愛想あいそうsociability, amiability 間柄あいだがらrelationship, relation 合間あいまinterval, break 敢えてあえてdare (to do), venture (to do)仰ぐあおぐto look up (to), to respect 垢あかdirt, filth 赤字あかじdeficit, go in the red 明かすあかすto reveal, to stay up 赤らむあからむto become red, to blush 上がりあがりascent, income 諦めあきらめresignation, reconciliation アクセル(abbr.) accelerator, accelerator (pedal)あくどいgaudy vicious, gaudy 顎あごchin, jaw 憧れあこがれyearning, longing 麻あさhemp, cannabis (Cannabis sativa)あざbirthmark, bruise 浅ましいあさましいshameful, mean 欺くあざむくto deceive, to delude 鮮やかあざやかvivid, clear 嘲笑うあざわらうto sneer at, to ridicule 悪しからずあしからずdon't take me wrong, but...味わいあじわいflavor, relish 焦るあせるto be in a hurry, to be impatient あせる (こえが～)to fade, to discolor 値あたいvalue, price 値するあたいするto be worth, to deserve 悪化あっかdeterioration, worsen 扱いあつかいtreatment, service 呆気ないあっけないnot enough, too quick (short, long, etc.)あっさりeasily, readily 斡旋あっせんkind offices, mediation 圧倒あっとうoverwhelm, overpower 圧迫あっぱくpressure, coercion あつらえるto give an order, to place an order 圧力あつりょくstress, pressure 当てあてexpectations, depend 当て字あてじphonetic-equivalent character, substitute character 跡継ぎあとつぎheir, successor 後回しあとまわしputting off, postponing 油絵あぶらえoil painting アプローチapproach (in golf), approach (to a problem, issue, etc.)あべこべcontrary, opposite 甘えるあまえるto behave like a spoiled child, to fawn on 雨具あまぐrain gear 甘口あまくちsweet flavor, sweet flavour アマチュアamateur 網あみnet, netting 操るあやつるto manipulate, to operate 危ぶむあやぶむto fear, to have misgivings あやふやuncertain, vague 過ちあやまちfault, error 誤るあやまるto make a mistake, to make a mistake (in)歩みあゆみstep, progress 歩むあゆむto walk, to go on foot 予めあらかじめin advance, previously 荒らすあらすto damage, to invade 争いあらそいdispute, quarrel 改まるあらたまるto be renewed, to be formal 荒っぽいあらっぽいrough, rude アラブArab, Arab countries 霰あられhail (e.g., falling ice balls), hail (esp. hailballs under 5 mm)有り様ありさまstate, condition ありのままthe truth, as it is ありふれるcommon, ordinary アルカリalkali アルミaluminum (Al, aluminum), aluminum アワーhour 合わすあわすto join together, to face アンコールencore 暗殺あんさつassassination 暗算あんざんmental arithmetic 暗示あんじhint, suggestion 案じるあんじるto be anxious, to ponder 安静あんせいrest, quiet 案の定あんのじょうsure enough, as usual いい加減いいかげんrandom, irresponsible 言い訳いいわけexcuse, explanation イェスyes, Jesus 家出いえでrunning away from home, elopement 生かすいかすto keep something alive, to make use of いかにhow, in what way いかにもtruly (same as 実に (じつに)), indeed 異議いぎobjection, dissent 生き甲斐いきがいsomething one lives for, very important 意気込むいきごむto be enthusiastic about, to be enthusiastic (about)行き違いいきちがいmisunderstanding, disagreement 育成いくせいrearing, training 幾多いくたmany, numerous 異見いけんdifferent opinion, objection 意向いこうintention, idea 移行いこうswitching over to, transition いざnow, come (now)移住いじゅうmigration, immigration 衣装いしょうclothing, costume いじるto touch, to tamper with 異性いせいthe opposite sex, isomerism 遺跡いせきhistoric ruins, (archeological) remains 依存いぞんdependence, dependent 委託いたくconsign (goods (for sale) to a firm), entrust いたってvery much, exceedingly いたわるto sympathize with, to console 一概にいちがいにunconditionally, necessarily 著しいいちじるしいremarkable, considerable 一同いちどうall present, all concerned 一部分いちぶぶんa part, a portion 一別いちべつparting 一面いちめんone side, the other hand 一目いちもくa glance, a look 一様いちようuniform, similar 一律いちりつeven, uniform 一連いちれんa series, a chain 一括いっかつall together, batch 一気いっきat one push, in one gulp 一挙にいっきょにat a stroke, with a single swoop 一見いっけんa look, a glimpse 一切いっさいwithout exception, the whole 一心いっしんone mind, with rapt attention いっそrather, sooner 一変いっぺんcomplete change, about-face 意図いとintention, aim 営むいとなむto carry on (e.g., in ceremony), to run a business 挑むいどむto challenge, to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.)稲光いなびかり(flash of) lightning 祈りいのりprayer, supplication いびきsnoring, snore 今更いまさらnow, again 未だいまだyet, still 移民いみんemigrant, immigrant 嫌々いやいやreluctantly, by no means 卑しいいやしいgreedy, vulgar いやにawfully, terribly いやらしいunpleasant, disgusting 意欲いよくwill, desire 威力いりょくpower, might 衣類いるいclothes, clothing 異論いろんdifferent opinion, objection 印鑑いんかんstamp, seal 陰気いんきgloom, melancholy 隠居いんきょretirement, retired person インターチェンジinterchange, service interchange インターナショナルinternational インターフォンentry phone, intercom インテリ(abbr.) egghead, intelligentsia インフォメーションinformation インフレ(abbr.) inflation, inflation 受かるうかるto pass (examination)受け入れうけいれreceiving, acceptance 受け入れるうけいれるto accept, to receive 受け継ぐうけつぐto inherit, to succeed 受け付けるうけつけるto be accepted, to receive (an application)受け止めるうけとめるto catch, to react to 受身うけみpassive, passive voice 受持ちうけもちcharge (of something), matter in one's charge 動きうごきmovement, activity 埋めるうずめるto bury, to fill 嘘つきうそつきliar, fibber うたた寝うたたねdozing, napping 打ち明けるうちあけるto confess, to be open 打ち切るうちきるto stop, to abort 打ち消しうちけし(gram) negation, denial 打ち込むうちこむto devote oneself to, to shoot into 団扇うちわfan, uchiwa 内訳うちわけthe items, breakdown 写しうつしcopy, duplicate 訴えうったえlawsuit, complaint うっとうしいweary, annoying うつむくto look downward, to stoop 空ろうつろblank, hollow 器うつわbowl, vessel 腕前うでまえability, skill 雨天うてんrainy weather 促すうながすto urge, to suggest うぬぼれpretension, conceit 生まれつきうまれつきby nature, by birth 埋め込むうめこむto embed, implant 梅干しうめぼしdried plum, umeboshi 裏返しうらがえしinside out, reverse 売り出しうりだし(bargain) sale 売り出すうりだすto put on sale, to market 潤ううるおうto be moist, to profit by 浮気うわきaffair, to cheat 上回るうわまわるto exceed, to exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.)植わるうわるto be planted 運営うんえいmanagement, administration うんざりtedious, boring 運送うんそうshipping, freight 運賃うんちんfreight rates, shipping expenses 云々うんぬんand so on, and so forth 運搬うんぱんtransport, carriage 運命うんめいfate, destiny 運輸うんゆtransportation 運用うんようmaking use of, application エアメールair mail, airmail 英字えいじEnglish letter (character), English letter 映写えいしゃprojection, projection (on a screen)映像えいぞうreflection, image 英雄えいゆうhero, great man 液えきliquid, fluid 閲覧えつらんinspection, reference 獲物えものgame, spoils 襟えりneck, collar エレガントelegant 円滑えんかつharmony, smoothness 縁側えんがわveranda, porch 沿岸えんがんcoast, shore 婉曲えんきょくeuphemistic, indirect エンジニアengineer 演出えんしゅつproduction (erg. play, direction), direction (of a play, film, etc.)演じるえんじるto perform, to play (a part)演ずるえんずるto perform, to play (a part)沿線えんせんalong railway line 縁談えんだんmarriage proposal, marriage talks 遠方えんぽうlong way, distant place 円満えんまんharmony, peace オートマチックautomatic, automatic firearm 追い込むおいこむto herd, to corner 追い出すおいだすto expel, to drive out 於いておいてat, in 老いるおいるto age, to grow old 応急おうきゅうemergency, emergency fix 黄金おうごんgold, gold (Au)往診おうしんdoctor's visit, house call 応募おうぼsubscription, application おおい (かん)hey 大方おおかたalmost all, majority 大柄おおがらlarge build, large pattern おおげさgrandiose, exaggerated 大筋おおすじoutline, summary 大空おおぞらheaven, the sky 大幅おおはばfull width, large scale おおまかなrough, approximate 大水おおみずflood 公おおやけpublic, official 侵すおかすto invade, to raid 犯すおかすto perpetrate, to violate 臆病おくびょうcowardice, timidity 遅らすおくらすto retard, to delay 厳かおごそかmajestic, dignified 行いおこないconduct, behavior おごる (ゆうしょくを～)to give (someone) a treat 治まるおさまるto be at peace, to calm down 収まるおさまるto settle into, to be obtained 納まるおさまるto settle into, to be obtained お産おさん(giving) birth, childbirth 押し切るおしきるto have one's own way, to overcome (opposition)押し込むおしこむto push into, to crowd into 惜しむおしむto be frugal, to value 押し寄せるおしよせるto push aside, to advance on 雄おすmale (animal), male (animal, plant)御世辞おせじflattery, compliment 襲うおそうto attack, to assail 遅くともおそくともat the latest 恐れおそれfear, horror 恐れ入るおそれいるto be filled with awe, to feel small おだてるto flatter, to soft-soap 落ち込むおちこむto get depressed, to feel down 落ち着きおちつきcalm, composure 落葉おちばfallen leaves, leaf litter 乙おつ2nd in rank, (the) second (party, rank, etc.)お使いおつかいerrand, mission おっかないfrightening, scary お手上げおてあげgiven in, given up hope おどおどcoweringly, hesitantly 脅すおどすto threaten, to menace 訪れるおとずれるto visit, to call on お供おともattendant, companion 衰えるおとろえるto become weak, to decline 同い年おないどしof the same age, the same age 自ずからおのずからnaturally, as a matter of course 怯えるおびえるto become frightened, to be frightened (of)おびただしいabundantly, innumerably 脅かすおびやかすto threaten, to coerce 帯びるおびるto bear, to carry お袋おふくろmother, (one's) mother 覚えおぼえmemory, sense おまけa discount, something additional お宮おみやShinto shrine おむつdiaper, nappy 思い付きおもいつきplan, idea 趣おもむきflavor, appearance 赴くおもむくto go, to proceed 重んじるおもんじるto respect, to honor 重んずるおもんずるto honor, to respect 親父おやじone's father, old man 及びおよびand, as well as 及ぶおよぶto reach, to extend 檻おりcage, pen 折おりchance, occasion オリエンテーションorientation 折り返すおりかえすto turn up, to fold back 織物おりものtextile, fabric 俺おれI (ego) (boastful first-person pronoun), I 愚かおろかfoolish, stupid おろそかneglect, negligence おんぶcarrying on one's back (erg. Baby), carrying (someone) on one's back (esp. a child)オンラインon-line, online 温和おんわgentle, mild 我が～ego カーペットcarpet 改悪かいあくdeterioration, changing for the worse 海運かいうんmarine transportation, maritime transport 外貨がいかforeign money, foreign currency 改革かいかくreform, reformation 貝殻かいがらshell, seashell 外観がいかんappearance, exterior 階級かいきゅうclass, rank 海峡かいきょうchannel, channel (e.g. between two land masses)会見かいけんinterview, conference 介護かいごnursing, care 開催かいさいholding a meeting, open an exhibition 回収かいしゅうcollection, recovery 改修かいしゅうrepair, improvement 怪獣かいじゅうmonster 解除かいじょcancellation, release 外相がいしょうForeign Minister 害するがいするto harm, to offend 概説がいせつgeneral statement, outline 回送かいそうforwarding, sending on 階層かいそうclass, level 開拓かいたくcultivation, pioneer 会談かいだんconversation, interview 改定かいていreform, revision (of a rule, price, etc.)改訂かいていrevision, revision (of text)ガイドguide, tour guide 街道かいどうhighway, highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period)該当がいとうcorresponding, answering to 街頭がいとうin the street, (on the) street ガイドブックguidebook 介入かいにゅうintervention 概念がいねんgeneral idea, concept 開発かいはつdevelopment, exploitation 海抜かいばつheight above sea level 介抱かいほうnursing, looking after 解剖かいぼうdissection, autopsy 外来がいらい(abbr.) imported, outpatient clinic 回覧かいらんcirculation, circulation (esp. of documents)概略がいりゃくoutline, summary 海流かいりゅうocean current 改良かいりょうimprovement, reform 回路かいろcircuit (electric), circuit 海路かいろsea route 顧みるかえりみるto look back, to turn around 省みるかえりみるto reflect, to reflect on (oneself, past conduct, etc.)顔付きかおつきfacial expression, (outward) looks 課外かがいextracurricular 掲げるかかげるto hoist, to fly (a sail)かかとshoe heel, heel (of foot, shoe, stocking, etc.)書き取るかきとるto write down, to take dictation 掻き回すかきまわすto stir up, to churn かく (はじを)to humiliate oneself 学芸がくげいarts and sciences, liberal arts 格差かくさdifference, disparity 拡散かくさんscattering, diffusion 学士がくしuniversity graduate, bachelor 各種かくしゅevery kind, all sorts 隔週かくしゅうevery other week, every two weeks 確信かくしんconviction, confidence 革新かくしんreform, innovation 学説がくせつtheory 確定かくていfixed, decision カクテルcocktail 獲得かくとくacquisition, possession 楽譜がくふscore (music, sheet music), score 確保かくほguarantee, insure 革命かくめいrevolution, 58th year of the sexagenary cycle (in Onmyōdō)確立かくりつestablishment, settlement 賭かけbetting, gambling 崖がけcliff, precipice 掛～かけ～credit 駆け足かけあしrunning fast, double time 家計かけいhousehold economy, family finances 駆けっこかけっこ(foot) race, sprint 加工かこうmanufacturing, processing 化合かごうchemical combination かさばるto be bulky, to be unwieldy かさむto pile up, to increase 箇条書かじょうがきitemized form, itemization 頭かしらhead, chief 微かかすかfaint, dim 霞むかすむto grow hazy, to be misty 擦るかするto rub, to chafe 火星かせいMars, Mars (planet)化石かせきfossil, petrifaction 河川かせんrivers 化繊かせんsynthetic fibers, synthetic fiber 過疎かそdepopulation, underpopulation 片～かた～single ~片言かたことbroken (in reference to speaking style, e.g., Japanese), prattle 傾けるかたむけるto incline, to tilt 固めるかためるto harden, to freeze 傍らかたわらbeside(s, while, nearby, side 花壇かだんflower bed 家畜かちくdomestic animals, livestock 且つかつyet, and がっくりheartbroken, crestfallen 合唱がっしょうchorus, singing in a chorus がっしりfirmly, solidly 合致がっちagreement, concurrence がっちりsolidly built, tightly 勝手かってkitchen, one's way かつてonce, before カットcut, cutting 活発かっぱつvigor, active 合併がっぺいcombination, amalgamation カテゴリーcategory 叶うかなうto come true, to come true (of a dream, wish, etc.)叶えるかなえるto grant (request, wish), to answer (prayer)金槌かなづち(iron) hammer, hammer かなわないbe beyond one's power, be unable 加入かにゅうbecoming a member, admission 予てかねてpreviously, already 庇うかばうto protect someone, to&nbsp 株式かぶしきstock, share (in a company)かぶれるto react to, to be influenced by 花粉かふんpollen 貨幣かへいmoney, currency 構えるかまえるto set up, to set up (a house, store, etc.)噛み切るかみきるto bite off, to gnaw through 過密かみつcrowded, overcrowding カムバックcomeback カメラマンcameraman, photographer 粥かゆrice porridge, thin rice porridge 体付きからだつきbody build, figure 絡むからむto entangle, to entwine かりにtemporarily, if カルテclinical records (GER: Karte), patient's chart ガレージgarage (at house), garage 過労かろうoverwork, strain かろうじてbarely, narrowly 交すかわすto exchange, to exchange (messages, greetings, arguments, etc.)代る代るかわるがわるalternately, by turns 簡易かんいsimplicity, easiness 眼科がんかophthalmology 灌漑かんがいirrigation 眼球がんきゅうeyeball 玩具がんぐtoy 簡潔かんけつbrevity, concise 還元かんげんresolution, reduction 漢語かんごChinese word, Sino-Japanese word 看護かんごnursing, (army) nurse 頑固がんこstubbornness, obstinacy 勧告かんこくadvice, counsel 換算かんさんconversion, change 監視かんしobservation, guarding 慣習かんしゅうusual (historical) custom, custom 観衆かんしゅうspectators, audience 願書がんしょapplication form, (written) application 干渉かんしょうinterference, intervention 頑丈がんじょうsolid, firm 感触かんしょくsense of touch, feeling 肝腎かんじんessential, fundamental 肝心かんじんessential, fundamental 関税かんぜいcustoms, duty 岩石がんせきrock 感染かんせんinfection, contagion 幹線かんせんmain line, trunk line 簡素かんそsimplicity, plain 観点かんてんpoint of view, viewpoint 感度かんどsensitivity, severity (quake)カンニングcunning, cheat 元年がんねんfirst year (of a specific reign), first year (of an imperial era)幹部かんぶmanagement, executive 完ぺきかんぺきperfection, completeness 勘弁かんべんpardon, forgiveness 感無量かんむりょうdeep feeling, filled with emotion 勧誘かんゆうinvitation, canvassing 関与かんよparticipation, taking part in 寛容かんようforbearance, tolerance 元来がんらいoriginally, naturally 観覧かんらんviewing 慣例かんれいcustom, precedent 還暦かんれき60th birthday, kanreki 貫禄かんろくpresence, dignity 緩和かんわrelief, mitigation 議案ぎあんlegislative bill, measure 危害きがいinjury, harm 規格きかくstandard, norm 企画きかくplanning, project 着飾るきかざるto dress up 気兼ねきがねhesitance, diffidence 気軽きがるcheerful, buoyant 危機ききcrisis, critical situation 聞き取りききとりlistening comprehension, aural comprehension 効き目ききめeffect, virtue 帰京ききょうreturning to Tokyo, returning (home) to Tokyo 戯曲ぎきょくplay, drama 基金ききんfund, foundation 喜劇きげきcomedy, funny show 議決ぎけつresolution, decision 棄権きけんabstain from voting, renunciation of a right 既婚きこんmarried 気障きざaffectation, conceit 記載きさいmention, entry 兆きざしsign, omen 気質きしつcharacter, trait 期日きじつfixed date, settlement date 議事堂ぎじどうDiet building, assembly hall きしむto jar, to creak 記述きじゅつdescribing, descriptor 気象きしょうweather, climate 傷付くきずつくto be hurt, to be wounded 傷付けるきずつけるto wound, to hurt someone's feelings 犠牲ぎせいsacrifice, victim (esp. someone killed)汽船きせんsteamship, steamboat 寄贈きぞうdonation, presentation 偽造ぎぞうforgery, fabrication 貴族きぞくnoble, aristocrat 議題ぎだいtopic of discussion, agenda 鍛えるきたえるto forge, to train 気立てきだてgood-natured, kind-hearted 来るきたるto come, to approach きちっとexactly, perfectly 几帳面きちょうめんmethodical, punctual きっかりexactly, precisely きっちりprecisely, tightly きっぱりclearly, plainly 規定きていregulation, provisions 起点きてんstarting point, origin 軌道きどうorbit, track 技能ぎのうtechnical skill, ability 規範きはんmodel, standard 気品きひんgrace, elegance 気風きふうcharacter, traits 起伏きふくundulation, ups and downs 規模きぼscale, scope 気まぐれきまぐれwhim, caprice 生真面目きまじめserious, sincerity 期末きまつ(end of the season or term), end of term きまりわるいfeeling awkward, being ashamed 記名きめいsignature, register 規約きやくagreement, rules 脚色きゃくしょくdramatization (e.g., film, dramatization (e.g. of a novel)逆転ぎゃくてん(sudden) change, reversal 脚本きゃくほんscenario, script 華奢きゃしゃdelicate, slender 客観きゃっかんobjective, objectivity キャッチcatch, catching キャリアcareer, career government employee 救援きゅうえんrelief, rescue 休学きゅうがくtemporary absence from school, suspension 究極きゅうきょくultimate, final 窮屈きゅうくつnarrow, tight 球根きゅうこん(plant) bulb 救済きゅうさいrelief, aid 給仕きゅうじwaiter, waiting on a table 給食きゅうしょくschool lunch, providing a meal 休戦きゅうせんtruce, armistice 旧知きゅうちold friend, old friendship 宮殿きゅうでんpalace 窮乏きゅうぼうpoverty, destitution 寄与きよcontribution, service 強きょうstrong, a little over 驚異きょういwonder, miracle 教科きょうかsubject, curriculum 協会きょうかいassociation, society 共学きょうがくcoeducation, mixed-sex education 共感きょうかんsympathy, response 境遇きょうぐうenvironment, circumstances 教訓きょうくんlesson, precept 強硬きょうこうfirm, vigorous 強行きょうこうforcing, enforcement 教材きょうざいteaching materials 凶作きょうさくbad harvest, poor crop 業者ぎょうしゃtrader, merchant 教習きょうしゅうtraining, instruction 郷愁きょうしゅうnostalgia, homesickness 教職きょうしょくteaching profession, the teaching profession 興じるきょうじるto amuse oneself, to make merry 強制きょうせいobligation, compulsion 行政ぎょうせいadministration, executive 業績ぎょうせきachievement, work 共存きょうぞんcoexistence 協定きょうていarrangement, pact 郷土きょうどhomeland, native place 脅迫きょうはくthreat, coercion 業務ぎょうむbusiness, duties 共鳴きょうめいresonance, sympathy 郷里きょうりbirth-place, home town 強烈きょうれつstrong, intense 共和きょうわrepublicanism, cooperation 局限きょくげんlimit, localize 極端きょくたんextreme, extremity 居住きょじゅうresidence, living (at, in)拒絶きょぜつrefusal, rejection 漁船ぎょせんfishing boat 漁村ぎょそんfishing village 拒否きょひdenial, rejection 許容きょようpermission, pardon 清らかきよらかclean, pure きらびやかgorgeous, gaudy 義理ぎりdebt of gratitude, obligation 切替きりかえexchange, conversion 気流きりゅうatmospheric current, air current 切れ目きれめbreak, pause 疑惑ぎわくdoubt, misgivings 極めてきわめてexceedingly, extremely (written expression)近眼きんがんnearsightedness, shortsightedness 緊急きんきゅうurgent, pressing 近郊きんこうsuburbs, outskirts 均衡きんこうequilibrium, balance 禁じるきんじるto prohibit, to forbid 勤勉きんべんindustry, diligence 吟味ぎんみexamination, careful investigation 勤務きんむservice, duty 禁物きんもつtaboo, forbidden thing 勤労きんろうlabor, exertion クイズquiz 食い違うくいちがうto cross each other, to differ 空間くうかんspace, room 空腹くうふくhunger, empty stomach 区画くかくdivision, section 区間くかんsection, section (of track, etc.)茎くきstalk, stem 区切りくぎりan end, a stop くぐるto pass through, to go around くじ (～をひく)lottery, lot くじびきlottery, drawn lot くすぐったいticklish, embarrassing 愚痴ぐちidle complaint, grumble 口吟むくちずさむto humble, to hum (a tune)嘴くちばしbeak, bill 朽ちるくちるto rot, to decay 覆すくつがえすto overturn, to upset くっきりdistinctly, clearly 屈折くっせつbending, indentation ぐっとfirmly, fast 首飾りくびかざりnecklace, choker 首輪くびわnecklace, choker 組み合わせるくみあわせるto join together, to combine 組み込むくみこむto insert, to include 蔵くらwarehouse, cellar グレーgrey, gray クレーンcrane, crane (machine)玄人くろうとexpert, professional 黒字くろじbalance (figure) in the black, (being in) the black 軍艦ぐんかんwarship, battleship 軍事ぐんじmilitary affairs 君主くんしゅruler, monarch 群衆ぐんしゅう(social) group, crowd 群集ぐんしゅう(social) group, crowd 軍備ぐんびarmaments, military preparations 軍服ぐんぷくmilitary or naval uniform, military uniform 芸げいart, accomplishment 経過けいかpassage, progress 軽快けいかいlively, casual 警戒けいかいwarning, admonition 敬具けいぐSincerely (used at the end of letter), yours sincerely 軽減けいげんreduction, lessening 掲載けいさいappearance (e.g., article in paper), publication (e.g. of an article in a newspaper)傾斜けいしゃinclination, slope 形勢けいせいcondition, situation 形成けいせいformation, molding 軽率けいそつthoughtless, careless 刑罰けいばつjudgment, penalty 経費けいひexpenses, cost 警部けいぶpolice inspector 軽蔑けいべつscorn, disdain 経歴けいれきpersonal history, career 経路けいろcourse, route けがらわしいfilthy, unfair 劇団げきだんtroupe, theatrical company 激励げきれいencouragement, spurring (on)ゲストguest 獣けだものbeast, brute 決けつdecision, vote 決意けついdecision, determination 結核けっかくtuberculosis, TB 決議けつぎresolution, vote 結合けつごうcombination, union 決算けっさんbalance sheet, settlement of accounts 月謝げっしゃmonthly tuition fee 結晶けっしょうcrystal, crystallization 決勝けっしょうfinals (in sports), decision of a contest 結成けっせいformation, combination 結束けっそくunion, unity げっそりbeing disheartened, losing weight 決断けつだんdecision, determination 月賦げっぷmonthly installment, monthly installment (instalment)欠乏けつぼうshortage, deficiency 蹴飛ばすけとばすto kick away, to kick (someone)けなすto speak ill of, to disparage 煙たいけむたいsmoky, feeling awkward 煙るけむるto smoke (e.g., fire), to smoke (e.g. fire)獣けものbeast, brute 家来けらいretainer, retinue 下痢げりdiarrhea, diarrhoea 権威けんいauthority, power 兼業けんぎょうholding two jobs at the same time, pursuing as a side business 原形げんけいoriginal form, base form 原型げんけいprototype, model 権限けんげんpower, authority 現行げんこうpresent, current 健在けんざいin good health, well 原作げんさくoriginal work 検事けんじpublic prosecutor 原子げんしatom 元首げんしゅruler, sovereign 原書げんしょoriginal document, original document (not a copy or adaptation)懸賞けんしょうoffering prizes, winning 健全けんぜんhealth, soundness 元素げんそelement, chemical element 現像げんぞうdeveloping (film), development (of film)原則げんそくprinciple, general rule 見地けんちpoint of view, viewpoint 現地げんちactual place, local 限定げんていlimit, restriction 原典げんてんoriginal, source 原点げんてんorigin (coordinates, starting point), starting point 原爆げんばくatomic bomb, A-bomb 原文げんぶんthe text, original 厳密げんみつstrict, close 賢明けんめいwisdom, intelligence 倹約けんやくthrift, economy 原油げんゆcrude oil 兼用けんようmulti-use, combined use 権力けんりょく(political) power, authority 言論げんろんdiscussion, speech 故～こ～deceased, late コーナーcorner, bend 語彙ごいvocabulary, glossary 恋するこいするto fall in love with, to love 甲こう1st in rank, shell 好意こういgood will, favor 行為こういact, deed 合意ごういagreement, consent 工学こうがくengineering 抗議こうぎprotest, objection 合議ごうぎconsultation, conference 皇居こうきょImperial Palace, Imperial Palace (of Japan)好況こうきょうprosperous conditions, healthy economy 鉱業こうぎょうmining industry 興業こうぎょうstarting a business, industry 高原こうげんtableland, plateau 交互こうごmutual, reciprocal 煌々とこうこうとbrightly 考古学こうこがくarcheology, archaeology 耕作こうさくcultivation, farming 工作こうさくhandicraft, maneuvering 鉱山こうざんmine, mine (ore)講習こうしゅうshort course, training 口述こうじゅつverbal statement, dictation 控除こうじょsubsidy, deduction 交渉こうしょうnegotiation, negotiations 高尚こうしょうhigh, noble 向上こうじょうrise, improvement 行進こうしんmarch, parade 香辛料こうしんりょうspices, spice 降水こうすいrainfall, precipitation 洪水こうずいflood, flooding 合成ごうせいsynthetic, mixed 公然こうぜんopenly, open 抗争こうそうdispute, resistance 構想こうそうplan, plot 後退こうたいretreat, backspace 光沢こうたくluster, glossy finish (of photographs)公団こうだんpublic corporation, public housing 好調こうちょうsatisfactory, in good shape 口頭こうとうoral, verbal 講読こうどくreading, translation 購読こうどくsubscription, buying and reading (book, magazine, etc.)購入こうにゅうpurchase, buy 公認こうにんofficial recognition, authorization 光熱費こうねつひcost of fuel and light, cost of fuel and lighting 購買こうばいpurchase, buy 好評こうひょうpopularity, favorable reputation 交付こうふdelivering, furnishing (with copies)公募こうぼpublic appeal, public contribution 巧妙こうみょうingenious, skillful 公用こうようgovernment business, public use 小売こうりretail 効率こうりつefficiency 公立こうりつpublic institution, public (institution)護衛ごえいguard, convoy 小柄こがらsmall, diminutive 小切手こぎってcheque, check 国産こくさんdomestic products, domestically produced 国定こくていstate-sponsored, national 告白こくはくconfession, acknowledgment 国防こくぼうnational defense, national defence 国有こくゆうnational ownership, state ownership 極楽ごくらくparadise, Sukhavati (Amitabha's Pure Land)国連こくれんU.N., United Nations 焦げ茶こげちゃdark brown, olive brown 語源ごげんword root, word derivation 心地ここちfeeling, sensation 心得こころえknowledge, information 心掛けこころがけreadiness, intention 心掛けるこころがけるto bear in mind, to aim to do 志こころざしwill, intention 志すこころざすto plan, to intend 心強いこころづよいheartening, reassuring 心細いこころぼそいhelpless, hopeless 試みこころみtrial, experiment 試みるこころみるto try, to test 快いこころよいpleasant, agreeable 誤差ごさerror, measurement error ございます (かん)to be (polite, to exist)孤児こじorphan, person without friends こじれるto get complicated, to grow worse こす (みずを～)to strain, to filter 梢こずえtreetop, tip of a branch 個性こせいindividuality, personality 戸籍こせきcensus, family register 古代こだいancient times, distant past こたつtable with heater, (originally) charcoal brazier in a floor well こだわるto fuss over, to be particular about 誇張こちょうexaggeration こつ (をつかむ)secret, trick 滑稽こっけいfunny, humorous 国交こっこうdiplomatic relations 骨董品こっとうひんcurio, antique 固定こていfixation, fixing (e.g., salary, capital)事柄ことがらmatter, thing 孤独こどくisolation, loneliness ことごとくaltogether, entirely 言付けことづけto leave a message, (verbal) message 殊にことにespecially, above all 粉々こなごなin very small pieces 好ましいこのましいnice, likable 碁盤ごばんGo board 個別こべつparticular case, individual コマーシャルa commercial, commercial (TV or radio advertisement)ごまかすto deceive, to falsify 細やかこまやかmeager, modest 込めるこめるto include, to put into コメントcomment 籠もるこもるto seclude oneself, to be confined in 固有こゆうcharacteristic, tradition 暦こよみcalendar, almanac 凝らすこらすto concentrate, to devote ごらんなさい (かん)look, (please) try to do 孤立こりつisolation, helplessness 懲りるこりるto learn by experience, to be disgusted with 凝るこるto stiffen, to harden 根気こんきpatience, perseverance 根拠こんきょbasis, foundation 混血こんけつmixed race, mixed parentage コンタクト (レンズ)contact, contact lens 昆虫こんちゅうinsect, bug 根底こんていroot, basis 混同こんどうconfusion, mixing コントラストcontrast コントロールcontrol コンパスcompass, compass (for drawing circles, etc.)根本こんぽんfoundation, root 財ざいfortune, riches 再会さいかいmeeting again, reunion 災害さいがいcalamity, disaster 細菌さいきんbacillus, bacterium 細工さいくwork, craftsmanship 採掘さいくつmining, digging サイクルcycle 採決さいけつvote, roll call 再建さいけん(temple or shrine) rebuilding, rebuilding 再現さいげんreproduction, return 財源ざいげんsource of funds, resources 在庫ざいこstockpile, stock 採算さいさんprofit サイズsize 再生さいせいplayback, regeneration 財政ざいせいeconomy, financial affairs 最善さいぜんthe very best, utmost 採択さいたくadoption, selection 栽培さいばいcultivation 再発さいはつreturn, relapse 細胞さいぼうcell, cell (in an organization, esp. a communist party)採用さいようuse, adopt 遮るさえぎるto interrupt, to intercept さえずるto sing, to chirp 冴えるさえるto be clear, to be bright 竿さおrod, pole (e.g., for drying laundry)栄えるさかえるto flourish, to prosper 差額さがくbalance, difference 杯さかずきwine cup, sake cup 逆立ちさかだちhandstand, headstand 詐欺さぎfraud, swindle さきに (いぜん)before, earlier than 削減さくげんcut, reduction 錯誤さくごmistake, error 作戦さくせんmilitary operations, tactics 叫びさけびshout, scream 捧げるささげるto lift up, to give 差し掛かるさしかかるto come near to, to approach 指図さしずinstruction, mandate 差し出すさしだすto present, to submit 差し支えるさしつかえるto interfere, to hinder 授けるさずけるto grant, to award 摩するさするto rub, to stroke さぞ (さぞや。さぞかし)I am sure, certainly 定まるさだまるto become settled, to be fixed 定めるさだめるto decide, to determine 座談会ざだんかいsymposium, round-table discussion 雑ざつrough, crude 雑貨ざっかmiscellaneous goods, general goods 早急さっきゅうurgent, immediate 殺人さつじんmurder, homicide 察するさっするto guess, to sense 雑談ざつだんchatting, idle talk さっとsuddenly, smoothly さっぱりするto refresh 悟るさとるto attain enlightenment, to understand 最中さなかin the middle of, midst 座標ざひょうcoordinates, coordinate さほどnot so, not that much サボるto cut (skip) classes, to loaf on the job 様さまstate, way (a person does something)寒気さむけchill, shiver 侍さむらいsamurai, person with a strong backbone さもwith gusto, with satisfaction 作用さようoperation, effect さらう (こどもを～)to kidnap 障るさわるto hinder, to interfere with 酸さんacid, sourness 山岳さんがくmountains, mountain chain 参議院さんぎいんHouse of Councilors サンキューthank you, thanks 産休さんきゅうmaternity leave, paternity leave 残金ざんきんremaining money 産後さんごpostpartum, after childbirth 残酷ざんこくcruelty, harshness 産出さんしゅつyield, produce 参照さんしょうreference, consultation 参上さんじょうcalling on, visiting 残高ざんだか(bank) balance, remainder サンタクロースSanta Claus 桟橋さんばしwharf, jetty 賛美さんびpraise, adoration 山腹さんぷくhillside, mountainside 産婦人科さんふじんかmaternity and gynecology department, maternity and gynaecology department (gynecology)産物さんぶつproduct, result 山脈さんみゃくmountain range, mountain belt シートseat, sheet ジーパンjeans, dungarees 仕上がりしあがりfinish, end 仕上しあげend, finishing touches 仕上げるしあげるto finish up, to complete 飼育しいくbreeding, raising 強いてしいてto dare, to insist 強いるしいるto force, to compel 仕入れるしいれるto lay in stock, to replenish stock 潮しおtide, current 歯科しかdentistry 自我じがself, ego 自覚じかくself-conscious, self-consciousness 仕掛しかけdevice, trick 仕掛けるしかけるto lay, to set しかしながらhowever, nevertheless 色彩しきさいcolor, colour 式場しきじょうceremonial hall, place of ceremony (e.g., marriage)しきたりcustom, conventional practice 事業じぎょうproject, enterprise 仕切るしきるto partition, to divide 資金しきんfunds, capital 軸じくaxis, stem しくじるto fail, to fall through 仕組しくみstructure, mechanism 死刑しけいdeath penalty, capital punishment 湿気るしけるto be damp, to be moist 思考しこうthought, consideration 施行しこうenforcement, operation 志向しこうintention, aim 嗜好しこうtaste, liking 事項じこうmatter(s), item(s)地獄じごくhell, hell realm 時刻表じこくひょうtimetable, (train) schedule 時差じさtime difference 自在じざいfreely, at will 視察しさつinspection, observation 資産しさんproperty, fortune 支持しじsupport, backing 自主じしゅindependence, autonomy 自首じしゅsurrender, give oneself up 刺繍ししゅうembroidery 市場しじょう(the) market (as a concept), market (financial, stock, domestic, etc.)辞職じしょくresignation 雫しずくdrop (of water), drop (e.g. of water)システムsystem 沈めるしずめるto sink, to submerge 施設しせつestablishment, facility 事前じぜんprior, beforehand 子息しそく(hon.) son, (another's) son 持続じぞくcontinuation, endurance 自尊心じそんしんself-respect, conceit 慕うしたうto yearn to adore, to yearn for 下心したごころsecret intention, motive 下地したじgroundwork, foundation 親しむしたしむto be intimate with, to befriend 下調べしたしらべpreliminary investigation, preliminary inquiry 仕立てるしたてるto tailor, to make 下取りしたどりtrade in, part exchange 下火したびburning low, waning 実じつfruit, good result 実家じっか(one's parents') home 失格しっかくdisqualification, elimination 質疑しつぎquestion, interpellation 失脚しっきゃくlosing one's standing, being overthrown 実業家じつぎょうかindustrialist, businessman シックchic, stylish じっくりdeliberately, carefully 躾しつけdiscipline, training 躾けるしつけるto discipline, to teach manners 実践じっせんpractice, put into practice 質素しっそsimplicity, modesty 実態じったいtruth, fact 失調しっちょうlack of harmony, imbalance 嫉妬しっとjealousy, envy 実費じっぴactual expense, cost price 指摘してきpointing out, identification 自転じてんrotation, spin 淑やかしとやかgraceful, ladylike 萎びるしなびるto shrivel, to fade しなやかsupple, flexible シナリオscenario, script 屎尿しにょうhuman waste, excreta 地主じぬしlandlord, landowner 凌ぐしのぐto outdo, to surpass 芝しばlawn, sod 始発しはつfirst train, first departure (of the day)耳鼻科じびかotolaryngology, ear, nose, and throat department 私物しぶつprivate property, personal effects しぶといtenacious, stubborn 司法しほうadministration of justice, judicature 始末しまつdisposal, cleaning up afterwards 染みるしみるto soak, pierce 使命しめいmission, errand 地元じもとlocal, home area 視野しやfield of vision, outlook 弱じゃくdelicate, supple 社交しゃこうsocial life, social intercourse ジャズjazz 謝絶しゃぜつrefusal, declining 社宅しゃたくcompany owned house, company housing 若干じゃっかんsome, few 三味線しゃみせんthree-stringed Japanese guitar, shamisen 斜面しゃめんslope, slanting surface 砂利じゃりgravel, ballast 洒落るしゃれるto joke, to play on words ジャンパーjacket, jumper ジャンプjump, jumping event (skiing, track and field)ジャンボjumbo, jumbo-sized ジャンルgenre, category 種しゅseed, variety 主しゅowner, master 私有しゆうprivate ownership 収益しゅうえきearnings, proceeds 修学しゅうがくlearning 周期しゅうきcycle, period 衆議院しゅうぎいんLower House, House of Representatives 就業しゅうぎょうemployment, starting work 従業員じゅうぎょういんemployee, worker 集計しゅうけいtotalization, aggregate 襲撃しゅうげきattack, charge 修士しゅうしMasters degree program, master's (degree)収支しゅうしincome and expenditure 終始しゅうしfrom beginning to end, consistent(ly)従事じゅうじengaging, pursuing 終日しゅうじつall day, for a whole day 充実じゅうじつfullness, perfection 執着しゅうじゃくattachment, adhesion 収集しゅうしゅうgathering up, collection 十字路じゅうじろcrossroads, intersection 執着しゅうちゃくattachment, adhesion 柔軟じゅうなんflexible, lithe 重複じゅうふくduplication, repetition 収容しゅうようaccommodation, seating 従来じゅうらいup to now, so far 守衛しゅえいsecurity guard, doorkeeper 主演しゅえんstarring, playing the leading part 主観しゅかんsubjectivity, subject 修行しゅぎょうpursuit of knowledge, training 塾じゅくafter-school (cram) school, cram school 祝賀しゅくがcelebration, congratulations 宿命しゅくめいfate, destiny 手芸しゅげいhandicrafts 主権しゅけんsovereignty, supremacy 主催しゅさいorganization, sponsorship 取材しゅざいcoverage, collecting data 趣旨しゅしobject, meaning 種々しゅじゅvariety, various 主食しゅしょくstaple food 主人公しゅじんこうprotagonist, main character 主体しゅたいsubject, main constituent 主題しゅだいsubject, theme 出演しゅつえんleading performer, stage appearance 出血しゅっけつbleeding, haemorrhage 出現しゅつげんappearance, arrival 出産しゅっさんchildbirth, (giving) birth 出社しゅっしゃcome to work, going to work (e.g. in the morning)出生しゅっしょうbirth 出世しゅっせpromotion, successful career 出生しゅっせいbirth 出題しゅつだいproposing a question, setting a question (for an exam, quiz, etc.)出動しゅつどうmobilization, action 出費しゅっぴexpenses, disbursements 出品しゅっぴんexhibit, display 主導しゅどうmain leadership, leadership 主任しゅにんperson in charge, responsible official 首脳しゅのうhead, leader 守備しゅびdefense, defence 手法しゅほうtechnique, method 樹木じゅもくtrees and shrubs, arbor 樹立じゅりつestablish, create 準急じゅんきゅうlocal express (train, slower than an express), semi-express train 準じるじゅんじるto follow, to conform ショーshow, performance 上位じょういsuperior, higher order 上演じょうえんart performance, performance (of a play, opera, etc.)城下じょうかland near the castle, land near a castle 消去しょうきょelimination, erasing 上空じょうくうsky, high-altitude sky 衝撃しょうげきshock, crash 証言しょうげんevidence, testimony 証拠しょうこevidence, proof 照合しょうごうcheck, verification 詳細しょうさいdetail, particulars 情緒じょうしょemotion, feeling 上昇じょうしょうrising, ascending 昇進しょうしんpromotion, advancement 称するしょうするto take the name of, to call oneself 情勢じょうせいstate of things, condition 消息しょうそくnews, letter 承諾しょうだくconsent, agreement 情緒じょうちょemotion, feeling 象徴しょうちょうsymbol, symbol (of something abstract)小児科しょうにかpediatrics 使用人しようにんemployee, servant 情熱じょうねつpassion, enthusiasm 譲歩じょうほconcession, conciliation 条約じょうやくtreaty, pact 勝利しょうりvictory, triumph 上陸じょうりくlanding, disembarkation 蒸溜じょうりゅうdistillation 奨励しょうれいencouragement, promotion 除外じょがいexception, exclusion 職員しょくいんstaff member, personnel 植民地しょくみんちcolony, (Japanese) settlement (in Brazil)職務しょくむprofessional duties 諸君しょくんGentlemen!, Ladies!助言じょげんadvice, suggestion 徐行じょこうgoing slowly, going slowly (esp. to enable a vehicle to stop immediately)所在しょざいwhereabouts, location (of)所持しょじpossession, owning 所属しょぞくattached to, belong to 処置しょちtreatment, measure しょっちゅうalways, constantly 所定しょていfixed, prescribed 助動詞じょどうしauxiliary verb, inflecting dependent word (in Japanese)所得しょとくincome, earnings 処罰しょばつpunishment, penalty 初版しょはんfirst edition 書評しょひょうbook review 処分しょぶんdisposal, dealing 庶民しょみんmasses, common people 庶務しょむgeneral affairs 所有しょゆうone's possessions, ownership 調べしらべinvestigation, inspection 自立じりつindependence, self-reliance 記すしるすto note, to write down 指令しれいorders, instructions 陣じんbattle formation, camp 進化しんかevolution, progress 人格じんかくpersonality, character 審議しんぎdeliberation, discussion 新婚しんこんnewly-wed, newly married 審査しんさjudging, inspection 人材じんざいman of talent, capable person 紳士しんしgentleman 真実しんじつtruth, reality 信者しんじゃbeliever, devotee 真珠しんじゅpearl 心中しんじゅうdouble suicide, lovers' suicide 進出しんしゅつadvancement, advance (into a new market, industry, etc.)心情しんじょうmentality, sentiment 新人しんじんnew face, newcomer 神聖しんせいholiness, sacredness 親善しんぜんfriendship, goodwill 真相しんそうtruth, real situation 迅速じんそくquick, fast 人体じんたいhuman body 新築しんちくnew building, new construction 進呈しんていpresentation, presentation (e.g. of a gift)進展しんてんprogress, development 神殿しんでんtemple, sacred place 進度しんどprogress 振動しんどうoscillation, vibration 新入生しんにゅうせいnew student, first-year student 信任しんにんtrust, confidence 神秘しんぴmystery, mysteriousness 辛抱しんぼうpatience, endurance 人民じんみんpeople, public 侵略しんりゃくaggression, invasion 診療しんりょうmedical examination and treatment, diagnosis and treatment 粋すいessence, the best 水源すいげんsource of river, fountainhead 推進すいしんpropulsion, driving force 吹奏すいそうplaying wind instruments, playing (a wind instrument)推測すいそくguess, conjecture 水田すいでん(water-filled) paddy field 推理すいりreasoning, inference 数詞すうしnumeral 崇拝すうはいworship, adoration 据え付けるすえつけるto install, to equip 据えるすえるto set, to lay すがすがしいfresh, refreshing 救いすくいhelp, aid すくう (みずを～)to scoop 健やかすこやかvigorous, healthy 濯ぐすすぐto rinse, to wash out 進みすすみprogress 裾すそ(trouser) cuff, (skirt) hem スタジオstudio スチームsteam スト(abbr.) strike, strike (i.e. industrial action)ストライキstrike, strike (i.e. industrial action)ストローstraw, drinking straw ストロボstroboscope (literally: strobo, strobe lamp, stroboscopic lamp), stroboscope すばしこいnimble, smart 素早いすばやいfast, quick ずばりdecisively, unreservedly ずぶぬれsoaked, dripping wet スプリングspring, (coil) spring スペースspace, room スポーツカーsports car 済ますすますto finish, to settle 澄ますすますto clear, to make clear 清ますすますto clear, to make clear すみやかspeedy, quick スラックスslacks ずらっとin a line, in a row ずるずるdragging on, sound of sniffling ずれdifference, gap すれちがいchance encounter, passing each other 擦れるすれるto rub, to chafe すんなりpass with no objection, slim セールsale 生育せいいくgrowth, development 成育せいいくgrowth, raising 成果せいかresults, fruits 正解せいかいcorrect, right answer 正義せいぎjustice, right 生計せいけいlivelihood, living 政権せいけん(political) administration, political power 星座せいざconstellation, astrological sign 制裁せいさいrestraint, sanctions 政策せいさくpolitical measures, policy 静止せいしstillness, repose 生死せいしlife and death, life or death 誠実せいじつsincere, honest 成熟せいじゅくmaturity, ripeness 青春せいしゅんyouth, springtime of life 清純せいじゅんpurity, innocence 聖書せいしょBible, the Scriptures 正常せいじょうnormalcy, normality 制するせいするto control, to command 整然せいぜんorderly, regular 盛装せいそうbe dressed up, wear rich clothes 盛大せいだいgrand, prosperous 清濁せいだくgood and evil, purity and impurity 制定せいていenactment, establishment 静的せいてきstatic 製鉄せいてつiron manufacture 晴天せいてんfine weather, fine weather (i.e. little or no clouds)正当せいとうjust, due 征服せいふくconquest, subjugation 制服せいふくuniform 製法せいほうmanufacturing method, recipe 精密せいみつprecise, exact 税務署ぜいむしょtax office 制約せいやくlimitation, constraints 勢力せいりょくinfluence, power 整列せいれつstand in a row, form a line 急かすせかすto hurry, to urge on 伜せがれson, my son 責務せきむduty, obligation セクションsection 世辞せじflattery, compliment 是正ぜせいcorrection, revision 世帯せたいhousehold, family 世代せだいgeneration 切開せっかいopening up, cutting through セックスsex, sexual intercourse 切実せつじつcompelling, serious 接触せっしょくtouch, contact 接続詞せつぞくしconjunction 設置せっちestablishment, institution 折衷せっちゅうcompromise, cross 設定せっていestablishment, creation 説得せっとくpersuasion 切ないせつないpainful, trying 絶版ぜっぱんout of print 設立せつりつestablishment, foundation 攻めせめattack, offense ゼリーjelly, jello セレモニーceremony 世論せろんpublic opinion, popular voice 先せんpriority, precedence 繊維せんいfiber, fiber 全快ぜんかいcomplete recovery of health 宣教せんきょうreligious mission, religious proclamation 宣言せんげんdeclaration, proclamation 戦災せんさいwar damage 専修せんしゅうspecialization, specialisation 戦術せんじゅつtactics センスsense (for music, style, tact, etc.), taste (in fashion, music, etc.)潜水せんすいdiving, submerging 全盛ぜんせいheight of prosperity 先代せんだいfamily predecessor, previous age 先だってせんだってrecently, the other day 先着せんちゃくfirst arrival, arriving first 前提ぜんていpreamble, premise 先天的せんてんてきinherent, congenital 前途ぜんとfuture prospects, outlook 戦闘せんとうbattle, fight 潜入せんにゅうinfiltration, sneaking in 船舶せんぱくship, vessel 全滅ぜんめつannihilation, total destruction 専用せんようexclusive use, personal use 占領せんりょうoccupation, possession 善良ぜんりょうgoodness, excellence 戦力せんりょくwar potential, military strength 前例ぜんれいprecedent ソースsource, sauce 相応そうおうsuitability, fitness 総会そうかいgeneral meeting 創刊そうかんlaunching (e.g., newspaper, first issue), foundation (of a newspaper, magazine, etc.)雑木ぞうきvarious kinds of small trees, assorted trees 早急そうきゅうurgent, immediate 増強ぞうきょうreinforce, increase 送金そうきんremittance, sending money 走行そうこうrunning a wheeled vehicle (e.g., car, traveling), running (of a car, bus, etc.)総合そうごうsynthesis, generalization 捜索そうさくsearch (esp. for someone or something missing, investigation), search (esp. for someone or something missing)蔵相ぞうしょうMinister of Finance 装飾そうしょくornament, decoration 増進ぞうしんpromoting, increase 相対そうたいrelative, relativity 壮大そうだいmagnificent, grand 騒動そうどうstrife, riot 遭難そうなんdisaster, shipwreck 相場そうばmarket price, speculation 装備そうびequipment 創立そうりつestablishment, founding 添えるそえるto add to, to attach 即座にそくざにimmediately, right away 促進そくしんpromotion, acceleration 即するそくするto conform to, to agree with 束縛そくばくrestraint, restriction 側面そくめんside, sidelight 損うそこなうto harm, to hurt そこらeverywhere, somewhere 素材そざいraw materials, subject matter 阻止そしobstruction, check 訴訟そしょうlitigation, lawsuit 育ちそだちbreeding, growth 措置そちmeasure, step ソックスsocks 素っ気無いそっけないcold, short 外方そっぽlook (or turn) the other way, the other way 備え付けるそなえつけるto provide, to equip 備わるそなわるto be furnished with, to be provided with 具わるそなわるto be furnished with, to be provided with 聳えるそびえるto rise, to tower 素朴そぼくsimplicity, artlessness 染まるそまるto be dyed, to be tainted 背くそむくto run counter to, to go against 染めるそめるto dye, to color そらすto bend, to warp そり (～にのる)sleigh, sled 反るそるto warp, to be warped それゆえtherefore, for that reason ソロsolo 揃いそろいset, suit ぞんざいrude, careless 損失そんしつloss, loss (of assets, profit, etc.)存続そんぞくduration, continuance ダースdozen 対応たいおうdealing with, correspondence (to)退化たいかdegeneration, retrogression 大家たいかrich family, distinguished family 大概たいがいin general, mainly 体格たいかくphysique, constitution 大金たいきんlarge amount of money, great cost 待遇たいぐうtreatment, reception 対決たいけつconfrontation, showdown 体験たいけんpersonal experience, (practical) experience 対抗たいこうopposition, antagonism 退治たいじextermination, elimination 大衆たいしゅうgeneral public, the masses 対処たいしょdeal with, cope 退職たいしょくretirement (from office), retirement 題するだいするto title, to be titled (e.g. a book)態勢たいせいattitude, conditions 対談たいだんtalk, dialogue 大胆だいたんbold, daring 対等たいとうequivalent, equality (esp. of status)台無しだいなしmess, spoiled 滞納たいのうnon-payment, default 対比たいひcontrast, comparison タイピストtypist 大部たいぶmost (e.g., most part, greater, fairly, a good deal, much), lengthy (of a book, etc.)大便だいべんfeces, faeces 代弁だいべんspeak for another, speaking by proxy 待望たいぼうlong-expected, waiting 台本だいほんlibretto, scenario タイマーtimer, time switch 怠慢たいまんnegligence, carelessness タイミングtiming タイムtime, time (for, to do)タイムリーtimely, run-batted-in (baseball)対面たいめんinterview, meeting 代用だいようsubstitution 体力たいりょくphysical strength, power タイルtile 対話たいわconversation, dialogue 耐えるたえるto endure, to put up with 断えるたえるto cease, to become extinct 堪えるたえるto endure, to put up with 絶えるたえるto die out, to become extinct 打開だかいsolution, breakthrough 焚火たきび(open) fire, open-air fire (e.g. for garden refuse)妥協だきょうcompromise, giving in たくましいburly, strong 巧みたくみskill, cleverness 丈たけlength, height 打撃だげきblow, damage 妥結だけつagreement, settlement 駄作ださくpoor work, poor piece of work 足し算たしざんaddition 多数決たすうけつmajority rule, majority decision 助けたすけassistance, help 携わるたずさわるto engage, to involve 漂うただようto drift about, to float 立ち去るたちさるto leave, to depart 立ち寄るたちよるto stop by, to drop in for a short visit 抱っこだっこ(child's) hug, carrying in one's arms (a baby, pet, doll, etc.)達者たっしゃskillful, in good health 脱出だっしゅつescape, getting away (from)脱するだっするto escape from, to get out 達成たっせいachievement, attainment 脱退だったいsecession, withdrawal だったらif it's the case 立て替えるたてかえるto pay in advance, to pay for another 建前たてまえposition, stance one takes in public 奉るたてまつるto offer, to do respectfully だとif it's the case 他動詞たどうしtransitive verb (direct object), transitive verb 辿り着くたどりつくto reach, to make it somehow 辿るたどるto follow (road, to pursue (course), to follow up, to follow (a road, path, etc.)束ねるたばねるto tie up in a bundle, to control だぶだぶloose, baggy 他方たほうanother side, on the other hand 多忙たぼうbusy, being very busy 給うたまうto receive, to grant 魂たましいsoul, spirit 溜まりたまりcollected things, gathering place 賜るたまわるto grant, to bestow 保つたもつto keep, to preserve たやすいeasy, simple 多様たようdiversity, variety だるいsluggish, feel heavy (tired)弛みたるみslack, slackening 弛むたるむto slacken, to loosen 垂れるたれるto hang, to droop タレントtalent, star タワーtower 単一たんいつsingle, simple 担架たんかstretcher, litter 短歌たんか31-syllable Japanese poem, tanka 短気たんきquick temper, short temper 団結だんけつunity, union 探検たんけんexploration, expedition 断言だんげんassertion, declaration 短縮たんしゅくshortening, abbreviation 断然だんぜんfirmly, absolutely 炭素たんそcarbon (C)短大たんだいjunior college 単調たんちょうmonotony, monotone 単独たんどくsole, single 旦那だんなmaster (of house), husband (informal)短波たんぱshort wave 蛋白質たんぱくしつprotein ダンプdump truck, dump 断面だんめんcross section, section 弾力だんりょくelasticity, flexibility チームワークteamwork 治安ちあんpublic order, security チェンジchange, changing 違えるちがえるto change, to alter 畜産ちくさんanimal husbandry, livestock industry 畜生ちくしょうdamn it!, dammit 蓄積ちくせきaccumulation, accumulate 地形ちけいlandform, geographical features 知性ちせいintelligence 乳ちちmilk, breast 縮まるちぢまるto be shortened, to be contracted 秩序ちつじょorder, regularity 窒息ちっそくsuffocation, choking 知的ちてきintellectual 着手ちゃくしゅembarkation, launch 着色ちゃくしょくcoloring, coloring 着席ちゃくせきsit down, seat 着目ちゃくもくattention, giving one's attention 着陸ちゃくりくlanding, touch down 着工ちゃっこうstart of (construction) work, starting (construction) work 茶の間ちゃのまliving room (Japanese style), (Japanese-style) living room 茶の湯ちゃのゆtea ceremony, chanoyu ちやほやpamper, make a fuss of チャンネルa channel, channel 宙返りちゅうがえりsomersault, looping-the-loop 中継ちゅうけいrelay, hook-up 忠告ちゅうこくadvice, warning 中傷ちゅうしょうslander, libel 中枢ちゅうすうcenter, mainstay 抽選ちゅうせんlottery, raffle 中断ちゅうだんinterruption, suspension 中毒ちゅうどくpoisoning, addiction 中腹ちゅうふくmountain side, halfway up 中立ちゅうりつneutrality 中和ちゅうわneutralize, counteract 超ちょうsuper-, ultra-腸ちょうbowels, intestines 蝶ちょうbutterfly 調印ちょういんsignature, sign 聴覚ちょうかくthe sense of hearing, (sense of) hearing 長官ちょうかんchief, (government) secretary 聴講ちょうこうlecture attendance, auditing 徴収ちょうしゅうcollection, levy 聴診器ちょうしんきstethoscope 調停ちょうていarbitration, conciliation 重複ちょうふくduplication, repetition 長編ちょうへんlong (e.g., novel, film), long work 重宝ちょうほうconvenient, useful 調理ちょうりcooking, food preparation 調和ちょうわharmony, accord ちょくちょくoften, frequently 直面ちょくめんconfrontation, to face 著書ちょしょliterary work, book 貯蓄ちょちくsavings 直感ちょっかんintuition, instinct 著名ちょめいwell-known, noted ちらっとat a glance, by accident 塵ちりdust, dirt 塵取りちりとりdustpan 賃金ちんぎんwages, pay 沈殿ちんでんprecipitation, deposition 沈没ちんぼつsinking, foundering 沈黙ちんもくsilence, reticence 陳列ちんれつexhibition, display 追及ついきゅうinvestigation, inquiry 追跡ついせきpursuit, chase 追放ついほうexile, banishment 費やすついやすto spend, to devote 墜落ついらくfalling, crashing 痛感つうかんfeeling keenly, fully realizing 通常つうじょうcommon, normal 痛切つうせつkeen, deep 杖つえcane, walking stick 使い道つかいみちuse, purpose 仕えるつかえるto serve, to work for 司るつかさどるto rule, to govern つかの間つかのまmoment, brief time 月並つきなみconventional, trite 継目つぎめjoint, seam 尽きるつきるto be used up, to be run out 尽くすつくすto exhaust, to run out つくづくcompletely, really 作りつくりmake up, structure 造りつくりmake up, structure 繕うつくろうto mend, to repair 付け加えるつけくわえるto add one thing to another, to add (one thing to another)告げるつげるto inform, to tell つじつま (はなしの～)coherence, consistency 筒つつpipe, tube 突くつつくto thrust, to strike 謹むつつしむto be careful, to be chaste or discreet 突っ突くつっつくto prompt someone, to poke (repeatedly, lightly)突っ張るつっぱるto support, to become stiff 務まるつとまるbe equal, be fit 勤め先つとめさきplace of work 努めてつとめてmake an effort!, work hard!津波つなみtsunami, tidal wave つねるto pinch, to nip 角つのhorn, antler 募るつのるto invite, to solicit help 唾つばsaliva, spit 呟くつぶやくto mutter, to murmur つぶらround, rotund つぶる (めを～)to close the eyes 壷つぼjar, pot 蕾つぼみbud, flower bud 連なるつらなるto extend, to stretch out 貫くつらぬくto go through, to pierce 連ねるつらねるto link, to join 釣り鐘つりがねtemple bell (for striking), temple bell 吊り革つりかわstrap, strap (to hang onto)手当てあてallowance, compensation 定義ていぎdefinition 提供ていきょうoffer, program sponsoring 提携ていけいcooperation, tie-up 体裁ていさいdecency, style 提示ていじpresentation, exhibit ティシュペーパーtissue, tissue paper 定食ていしょくfixed-price lunch, set meal 訂正ていせいcorrection, revision 停滞ていたいstagnation, tie-up 邸宅ていたくmansion, residence 定年ていねんretirement age, (compulsory) retirement age 堤防ていぼうbank, weir 手遅れておくれbeing (too), belated treatment でかいhuge, big 手掛かりてがかりhint, clue 手掛けるてがけるto handle, to manage 手数てかずtrouble, labor 手軽てがるeasy, simple 適応てきおうadaptation, accommodation 適宜てきぎsuitability, suitable 適性てきせいaptitude, aptness できものboil, rash 手際てぎわperformance, skill 出くわすでくわすto happen to meet, to come across デコレーションdecoration 手順てじゅんprocess, procedure 手錠てじょうhandcuffs, manacles 手数てすうtrouble, labor 手近てぢかnear, handy てっきりsurely, certainly 鉄鋼てっこうiron and steel デッサンrough sketch (FRE: dessin), rough sketch 徹するてっするto devote oneself, to believe in てっぺんtop, summit 鉄棒てつぼうiron rod, crowbar 出直しでなおしadjustment, touch up 掌てのひらthe palm, palm (of the hand)手配てはいarrangement, search (by police)手筈てはずarrangement, plan 手引てびきguidance, guide 手本てほんmodel, pattern 手回してまわしpreparations, arrangements 手元てもと(money) on hand or at home, one's purse デモンストレーションdemonstration, protest 照り返すてりかえすto reflect, to throw back light テレックスtelex, teletypewriter exchange 手分けてわけdivision of labor, division of work 天てんheaven, sky 田園でんえんcountry, rural districts 天下てんかthe world, whole country 転回てんかいrevolution, rotation 転換てんかんconvert, divert 転居てんきょmoving, changing residence 転勤てんきんtransfer (to another office of a company), job transfer 点検てんけんinspection, examination 電源でんげんsource of electricity, power (e.g., button on TV)天国てんごくparadise, heaven 天災てんさいnatural calamity, disaster 天才てんさいa genius, genius 展示てんじexhibition, display 転じるてんじるto turn, to shift 転ずるてんずるto turn, to shift 伝説でんせつtradition, legend 点線てんせんdotted line, perforated line 天体てんたいheavenly body, celestial body 伝達でんたつtransmission (e.g., news, communication, delivery), transmission (e.g. news, chemical signals, electricity)天地てんちheaven and earth, the universe てんで(not) at all, altogether 転任てんにんchange of post 展望てんぼうview, outlook 伝来でんらいancestral, hereditary 転落てんらくfall, degradation トーンtone 問い合わせるといあわせるto inquire, to seek information 胴どうtrunk, body 当～とう～Our ~ (e.g., Hotel, plane, etc.)同意どういagreement, consent 動員どういんmobilization, mobilisation 同感どうかんagreement, same opinion 陶器とうきpottery, ceramics 討議とうぎdebate, discussion 動機どうきmotive, incentive 等級とうきゅうgrade, class 同級どうきゅうthe same grade, same class 同居どうきょliving together, coexistence 登校とうこうattendance (at school), going to school 統合とうごうintegration, unification 動向どうこうtrend, tendency 投資とうしinvestment 道場どうじょう(arch) dojo, hall used for martial arts training 同情どうじょうsympathy, compassion 統制とうせいregulation, control 当選とうせんbeing elected, winning the prize 逃走とうそうflight, desertion 統率とうそつcommand, generalship 到達とうたつreaching, attaining 統治とうちrule, reign 同調どうちょうsympathy, agree with 到底とうてい(cannot) possibly, (not) by any means 動的どうてきdynamic, kinetic 貴いとうといprecious, valuable 尊いとうといprecious, valuable 同等どうとうequality, equal 堂々どうどうmagnificent, grand 尊ぶとうとぶto value, to prize どうにかin some way or other, one way or another 投入とうにゅうthrow, investment 導入どうにゅうintroduction, bringing in 当人とうにんthe one concerned, the said person 同封どうふうenclosure (e.g., in a letter), enclosing (e.g. with a letter)逃亡とうぼうescape, flight 冬眠とうみんhibernation, winter sleep 同盟どうめいalliance, union どうやらit seems like, somehow or other 動力どうりょくpower, motive power 登録とうろくregistration, register 討論とうろんdiscussion, debate 遠ざかるとおざかるto go far off, to go away 遠回りとおまわりdetour, roundabout way とかくanyhow, anyway とがめるto blame, to rebuke 時折ときおりsometimes, at intervals とぎれるto pause, to be interrupted 研ぐとぐto sharpen, to grind 特技とくぎspecial talent, skill 独裁どくさいdictatorship, despotism 特産とくさんspecialty, special product 独自どくじoriginal, peculiar 特集とくしゅうfeature (e.g., newspaper, special edition, report), feature (e.g. newspaper)独占どくせんmonopoly, monopolization 独創どくそうoriginality 得点とくてんscore, points made 特派とくはsend specially, special envoy 特有とくゆうcharacteristic (of, peculiar (to)), characteristic (of)とげ (をさす)thorn 遂げるとげるto accomplish, to achieve 年頃としごろage, marriageable age 戸締りとじまりclosing up, locking the doors 途上とじょうen/in route, half way 土台どだいfoundation, base 途絶えるとだえるto stop, to cease 特許とっきょspecial permission, patent 特権とっけんprivilege, special right とっさにat once, immediately 突如とつじょsuddenly, all of a sudden とってhandle, grip 突破とっぱbreaking through, breakthrough 土手どてembankment, bank 届とどけreport, notification 滞るとどこおるto stagnate, to be delayed 整えるととのえるto put in order, to arrange 止めるとどめるto end, to stop 唱えるとなえるto recite, to chant 殿様とのさまfeudal lord, nobleman 土俵どひょうarena, (wrestling) ring 扉とびらdoor, opening 溝どぶditch, drain 徒歩とほwalking, going on foot 土木どぼくpublic works, engineering works とぼけるto play dumb, to feign ignorance 乏しいとぼしいmeager, scarce 富とみwealth, fortune 富むとむto be rich, to become rich 共稼ぎともかせぎworking together, (husband and wife) earning a living together 伴うともなうto accompany, to bring with 共働きともばたらきdual income (husband and wife both working), (husband and wife) both working ドライdry, dry (tone, humour, etc.)ドライクリーニングdry cleaning ドライバーdriver, screwdriver ドライブインdrive in, drive-in (bank, cinema, etc.)トラブルtrouble (sometimes used as a verb), trouble トランジスターtransistor とりあえずat once, first of all 取扱とりあつかいtreatment, handling 取り扱うとりあつかうto treat, to handle 鳥居とりいShinto shrine archway, torii (Shinto shrine archway)取り替えとりかえswap, exchange 取り組むとりくむto tackle, to engage in a bout 取締りとりしまりcontrol, crackdown 取り締まるとりしまるto crack down, to control 取り調べるとりしらべるto investigate, to examine 取り立てるとりたてるto collect, to extort 取り次ぐとりつぐto act as an agent for, to announce (someone)取り付けるとりつけるto furnish, to install 取り除くとりのぞくto remove, to take away 取引とりひきtransactions, dealings 取り巻くとりまくto surround, to circle 取り混ぜるとりまぜるto mix, to put together 取り戻すとりもどすto take back, to regain 取り寄せるとりよせるto order, to send away for ドリルdrill, drill bit 副とりわけespecially, above all とろけるmelt, to be enchanted with 度忘れどわすれlapse of memory, forget for a moment 鈍感どんかんthickheadedness, stolidity とんだterrible, awful 問屋とんやwholesale store, wholesale dealer 内閣ないかくcabinet, (government)乃至ないしfrom...to, between...and 内緒ないしょsecrecy, privacy 内心ないしんinnermost thoughts, real intention 内蔵ないぞうinternal organ, built-in ナイターgame under lights (e.g., baseball), night game 内部ないぶinterior, inside 内乱ないらんcivil war, domestic conflict 内陸ないりくinland 苗なえrice seedling, seedling なおさらall the more, still less 流しながしsink, sink (e.g. in a kitchen)長々ながながlong, drawn-out 中程なかほどmiddle, midway 渚なぎさwater's edge, beach 嘆くなげくto sigh, to lament 投げ出すなげだすto abandon, to throw out 仲人なこうどgo-between, matchmaker 和やかなごやかmild, calm 名残なごりremains, traces 情けなさけsympathy, compassion 情無いなさけないmiserable, pitiable 情深いなさけぶかいtender-hearted, compassionate 詰るなじるto rebuke, to scold 名高いなだかいfamous, celebrated 雪崩なだれavalanche, snowslide 懐くなつくto become emotionally attached, to become attached (to)名付けるなづけるto name, to call 何気ないなにげないcasual, unconcerned なにとぞplease, kindly なによりmost, best ナプキンnapkin, (table) napkin 名札なふだname plate, name tag 生臭いなまぐさいsmelling of fish or blood, fish or meat 生温いなまぬるいlukewarm, halfhearted 生身なまみliving flesh, flesh and blood 鉛なまりlead (the metal), lead (Pb)滑らかなめらかsmoothness, glassiness 嘗めるなめるto lick, to experience 悩ましいなやましいseductive, melancholy 悩ますなやますto bother, to harass 悩みなやみtrouble(s), worry 並びにならびにand, and (also)成り立つなりたつto consist of, to be practical (logical, feasible, viable)なるたけas much as possible, if possible 慣れなれpractice, experience 馴々しいなれなれしいfamiliar, make free with ナンセンスnonsense, (having) terrible taste 何だかなんだかa little, somewhat なんだかんだsomething or other, one thing or another なんなりanything, whatever 荷にload, baggage 似通うにかようto resemble closely にきびpimple, acne 賑わうにぎわうto prosper, to flourish 憎しみにくしみhatred 肉親にくしんblood relationship, blood relative 肉体にくたいthe body, the flesh 逃げ出すにげだすto run away, to escape from 西日にしびwestering sun, setting sun 滲むにじむto run, to blur にせ物にせものimitation, counterfeit 日夜にちやday and night, always 荷造りにづくりpacking, baling 担うになうto carry on shoulder, to bear (burden)鈍るにぶるto become less capable, to grow dull にも関わらずにもかかわらずin spite of, nevertheless ニューnew ニュアンスnuance 入手にゅうしゅobtaining, coming to hand 入賞にゅうしょうwinning a prize or place (in a contest, winning a prize 入浴にゅうよくbathe, bathing 尿にょうurine 認識にんしきrecognition, cognizance 妊娠にんしんconception, pregnancy 任務にんむduty, mission 任命にんめいappointment, nomination 抜かすぬかすto omit, to leave out 抜け出すぬけだすto slip out, to sneak away 主ぬしowner, master 沼ぬまswamp, bog 音色ねいろtone color, timbre 値打ちねうちvalue, worth ネガ(photographic) negative, negative 寝かせるねかせるto put to bed, to lay down ねじまわしscrewdriver 捩れるねじれるtwist, strain 妬むねたむto be jealous, to be envious ねだるto nag, to demand 熱意ねついzeal, enthusiasm 熱湯ねっとうboiling water 熱量ねつりょうcalorific value, quantity of heat (e.g. in calories, BTU, etc.)粘りねばりstickiness, viscosity 粘るねばるto be sticky, to be adhesive 値引きねびきprice reduction, discount 根回しねまわしmaking necessary arrangements, laying the groundwork 眠たいねむたいsleepy, drowsy 練るねるto knead, to work over 念ねんsense, feeling 年賀ねんがNew Year's greetings, New Year's card 念願ねんがんone's heart's desire, earnest petition 年号ねんごうname of an era, year number 燃焼ねんしょうburning, combustion 年長ねんちょうseniority, senior 燃料ねんりょうfuel 年輪ねんりんannual tree ring, growth ring ノイローゼneurosis (GER: Neurose), neurosis 農耕のうこうfarming, agriculture 農場のうじょうfarm, farm (agriculture)農地のうちagricultural land, farmland 納入のうにゅうpayment, supply 逃すのがすto let loose, to set free 逃れるのがれるto escape 軒並のきなみrow of houses, uniformly 望ましいのぞましいdesirable, hoped for 乗っ取るのっとるto capture, to occupy のどかtranquil, calm 罵るののしるto speak ill of, to abuse 延べのべfutures, credit (buying)飲み込むのみこむto gulp down, to swallow deeply 乗り込むのりこむto board, to get into (a car)刃はblade, sword バーbar, tavern パートpart-time job, part 把握はあくgrasp, catch 廃棄はいきdisposal, abandon 配給はいきゅうdistribution (e.g., films, rice, distribution (e.g. films, rice)ばい菌ばいきんbacteria, germ(s)配偶者はいぐうしゃspouse, wife 背景はいけいbackground, scenery 拝啓はいけい-- a formal greeting used at the beginning of a letter --, Dear (so and so)背後はいごback, rear 廃止はいしabolition, repeal 拝借はいしゃく(humble) (polite) borrowing, borrowing 排除はいじょexclusion, removal 賠償ばいしょうreparations, indemnity 排水はいすいdrainage, draining 敗戦はいせんdefeat, losing a war 配置はいちarrangement (of resources), disposition 配布はいふdistribution 配分はいぶんdistribution, allotment 敗北はいぼくdefeat (as a verb it means 'to be defeated'), defeat 倍率ばいりつdiameter, magnification 配慮はいりょconsideration, concern 配列はいれつarrangement, array (programming)破壊はかいdestruction, disruption 捗るはかどるto make progress, to move right ahead (with the work)はかないshort-lived, momentary ばかばかしいstupid, absurd 破棄はきrevocation, annulment 剥ぐはぐto tear off, to peel off 迫害はくがいpersecution, oppression 薄弱はくじゃくfeebleness, weakness 白状はくじょうconfession 漠然ばくぜんobscure, vague 爆弾ばくだんbomb 爆破ばくはblast, explosion 暴露ばくろdisclosure, exposure 励ますはげますto encourage, to cheer 励むはげむto be zealous, to make an effort 剥げるはげるto come off, to be worn off 化けるばけるto disguise, to take the form of 派遣はけんdispatch, send 恥はじshame, embarrassment 弾くはじくto play (piano, guitar), to flip パジャマpajamas, pyjamas 恥じらうはじらうto feel shy, to be bashful 恥じるはじるto feel ashamed 橋渡しはしわたしbridge building', mediation 弾むはずむto bounce, to be encouraged 破損はそんdamage, breakage 叩くはたくto strike, to clap 裸足はだしbarefoot, superior to (e.g. a professional)果たすはたすto accomplish, to fulfill 蜂蜜はちみつhoney パチンコpachinko (Japanese pinball), pachinko 罰ばつpunishment, penalty 発育はついく(physical) growth, development 発芽はつがgermination, sprouting 発掘はっくつexcavation, exhumation 発言はつげんutterance, speech バッジbadge 発生はっせいoutbreak, spring forth バッテリーbattery, battery (pitcher and catcher)バットbat, vat 発病はつびょうattack, to become sick 初耳はつみみsomething heard for the first time, hearing something for the first time 果てはてthe end, the extremity 果てるはてるto end, to be finished ばてるto be exhausted, to be worn out パトカーpatrol car, police car 甚だはなはだvery, greatly 華々しいはなばなしいbrilliant, magnificent 花びらはなびら(flower) petal, petal 華やかはなやかbrilliant, gorgeous 阻むはばむto keep someone from doing, to stop 浜はまbeach, seashore 浜辺はまべbeach, foreshore はまるto get into, to go into 早めるはやめるto hasten, to quicken 腹立ちはらだちanger 原っぱはらっぱopen field, empty lot はらはらfeel nervous, to feel anxious ばらまくto disseminate, to scatter 張り紙はりがみnotice, poster 遥かはるかfar, far-away 破裂はれつexplosion, rupture 腫れるはれるto swell (from inflammation, to become swollen), to swell (from inflammation)繁栄はんえいprospering, prosperity 版画はんがart print, woodcut ハンガー(coat) hanger 反感はんかんantipathy, revolt 反響はんきょうecho, reverberation パンクpuncture, bursting 反撃はんげきcounterattack, counteroffensive 判決はんけつjudicial decision, judgment 反射はんしゃreflection, reverberation 繁盛はんじょうprosperity, flourishing 繁殖はんしょくbreed, multiply 反するはんするto be inconsistent with, to oppose 判定はんていjudgment, decision 万人ばんにんall people, everybody 晩年ばんねん(one's) last years, one's later years 反応はんのうreaction, response 万能ばんのうall-purpose, almighty 半端はんぱfragment, fraction 反発はんぱつrepelling, rebound 反乱はんらんrebellion, revolt 氾濫はんらんoverflowing, flood 美びbeauty ビールスvirus ひいてはnot only…but also, in addition to 控室ひかえしつwaiting room, anteroom 控えるひかえるto hold back, to make notes 悲観ひかんpessimism, disappointment 引き上げるひきあげるto withdraw, to leave 率いるひきいるto lead, to spearhead (a group)引き起こすひきおこすto cause, to induce 引下げるひきさげるto pull down, to lower 引きずるひきずるto drag along, to pull 引取るひきとるto take back, to adopt 否決ひけつrejection, negation 日頃ひごろnormally, habitually 久しいひさしいlong, long-continued 悲惨ひさんtragedy, disaster ビジネスbusiness 比重ひじゅうspecific gravity, relative density 美術びじゅつart, fine arts 秘書ひしょ(private) secretary, treasured book 微笑びしょうsmile 歪むひずむto warp, to be distorted 密かひそかsecret, private 浸すひたすto soak, to dip ひたすらnothing but, earnestly 左利きひだりききleft-handedness, sake drinker 引っ掻くひっかくto scratch, to claw 必修ひっしゅうrequired (subject)びっしょりwet through, drenched 必然ひつぜんinevitable, necessary 匹敵ひってきcomparing with, rival 一息ひといきa breath, a pause 人影ひとかげman's shadow, soul 人柄ひとがらpersonality, character 人気ひとけsign of life, human presence 一頃ひところonce, some time ago 人質ひとじちhostage 一筋ひとすじa line, earnestly 人目ひとめglimpse, public gaze 日取りひどりfixed date, appointed day 雛ひなyoung bird, chick 日向ひなたsunny place, in the sun 雛祭ひなまつりGirls' (dolls') Festival, Hinamatsuri (March 3)非難ひなんblame, attack 避難ひなんtaking refuge, finding shelter 日の丸ひのまるthe Japanese flag, red or gold circle representing the Sun 火花ひばなspark ひび (かべの～)crack, fissure 悲鳴ひめいshriek, scream 冷やかすひやかすto banter, to make fun of 日焼けひやけsunburn, suntan 標語ひょうごmotto, slogan 描写びょうしゃdepiction, description ひょっとpossibly, accidentally びらhandout, leaflet 平たいひらたいflat, even びりlast on the list, at the bottom 比率ひりつratio, proportion 微量びりょうminuscule amount, extremely small quantity 昼飯ひるめしlunch (mid-day meal), lunch 比例ひれいproportion, proportional representation section (of an election)疲労ひろうfatigue, weariness 敏感びんかんsensibility, susceptibility 貧困ひんこんpoverty, lack 品質ひんしつquality, quality (of a product or a service)貧弱ひんじゃくpoor, meager 品種ひんしゅbreed, type ヒントhint, clue 頻繁ひんぱんfrequency, frequent 貧乏びんぼうpoverty, destitute ブーツboots, boot ブームboom, craze ファイトfight, fighting spirit ファイルfile, portfolio ファンfan, enthusiast 不意ふいsudden, abrupt フィルタfilter 封ふうseal 封鎖ふうさblockade, freezing (funds)風車ふうしゃwindmill, wind turbine 風習ふうしゅうcustom 風俗ふうぞくmanners, customs 風土ふうどnatural features, climate フォームfoam, form 部下ぶかone's subordinate, subordinate person 不可欠ふかけつindispensable, essential ぶかぶかtoo big, baggy 不吉ふきつominous, sinister 不況ふきょうrecession, depression 布巾ふきんdish cloth, dish towel 複合ふくごうcomposite, complex 福祉ふくしwelfare, well-being 覆面ふくめんmask, veil 膨れるふくれるto swell (out), to be inflated 不景気ふけいきbusiness recession, hard times 老けるふけるto age, to grow old (esp. in appearance)耽るふけるto indulge in, to give oneself up to 富豪ふごうwealthy person, millionaire 布告ふこくedict, ordinance ブザーbuzzer 負債ふさいdebt, liabilities 不在ふざいabsence, disregard ふさわしいappropriate, adequate 不順ふじゅんirregularity, unseasonableness 負傷ふしょうinjury, wound 侮辱ぶじょくinsult, contempt 不振ふしんdullness, slump 不審ふしんsuspicious, doubt 武装ぶそうarms, armament 札ふだtoken, label 負担ふたんburden, load 不調ふちょうbad condition, disorder 復活ふっかつrevival (e.g., musical), restoration 物議ぶつぎpublic discussion (criticism), public discussion 復旧ふっきゅうrestoration, restitution 復興ふっこうrevival, renaissance 物資ぶっしgoods, materials 仏像ぶつぞうBuddhist image (statue), statue of Buddha 物体ぶったいobject, body 沸騰ふっとうboiling, seething 不当ふとうinjustice, impropriety 不動産ふどうさんreal estate 無難ぶなんsafety, security 赴任ふにん(proceeding to) new appointment, moving to a different location to start a new job 腐敗ふはいdecay, depravity 不評ふひょうbad reputation, disgrace 不服ふふくdissatisfaction, discontent 普遍ふへんuniversality, ubiquity 踏まえるふまえるto be based on, to have origin in 踏み込むふみこむto step into (someone else's territory, to break into, to raid, to step into (e.g. someone else's territory)不明ふめいunknown, ambiguous 部門ぶもんclass, group 扶養ふようsupport, maintenance ふらふらunsteady on one's feet, totter ぶらぶらdangle heavily, sway to and fro 振り返るふりかえるto turn head, to turn around 振り出しふりだしoutset, starting point 不良ふりょうbadness, delinquent 浮力ふりょくbuoyancy, floating power 武力ぶりょくarmed might, military power ブルbull, bulldog 震わせるふるわせるto be shaking, to be trembling 無礼ぶれいimpolite, rude 付録ふろくappendix, supplement フロントfront, front (aspect, weather, war-front, etc.)憤慨ふんがいindignation, resentment 文化財ぶんかざいcultural assets, cultural property 分業ぶんぎょうdivision of labor, specialization 文語ぶんごwritten language, literary language 分散ぶんさんdispersion, decentralization 分子ぶんしnumerator, molecule 紛失ふんしつlosing something, loss 噴出ふんしゅつspewing, gushing 文書ぶんしょdocument, writing 紛争ふんそうdispute, trouble ふんだんplentiful, abundant 分担ぶんたんapportionment, sharing 奮闘ふんとうhard struggle, strenuous effort 分配ぶんぱいdivision, sharing 分母ぶんぼdenominator 粉末ふんまつfine powder 分離ぶんりseparation, detachment 分裂ぶんれつsplit, division ベースbase, bass ペアpair, pear 兵器へいきarms, weapons 閉口へいこうshut mouth, to be stumped 閉鎖へいさclosing, closure 兵士へいしsoldier 平常へいじょうnormal, usual 平方へいほうsquare (e.g., meter, square), square (e.g. metre)並列へいれつarrangement, parallel 辟易へきえきwince, shrink back ぺこぺこfawn, be very hungry ベストbest, vest ベストセラーbest-seller, bestseller 隔たるへだたるto be distant 縁へりedge, edge (of a river, woods, etc.)へりくだるto deprecate oneself and praise the listener, to abase oneself 弁解べんかいexplanation, justification 変革へんかくchange, reform(the) Reformation 返還へんかんreturn, restoration 便宜べんぎconvenience, accommodation 偏見へんけんprejudice, narrow view 弁護べんごdefense, pleading 返済へんさいrepayment, reimbursement 弁償べんしょうcompensation, reparation 変遷へんせんchange, transition 返答へんとうreply, answer 変動へんどうchange, fluctuation 弁論べんろんdiscussion, debate 穂ほear (of plant), head (of plant)ホースhose ポーズpause, pose ホールhall, hole 保育ほいくnursing, nurturing ボイコットboycott ポイントpoint, point (of a story, argument, etc.)法案ほうあんbill (law), measure 防衛ぼうえいdefense, protection 防火ぼうかfire prevention, fire fighting 崩壊ほうかいcollapse, decay (physics)妨害ぼうがいdisturbance, obstruction 法学ほうがくlaw, jurisprudence 封建ほうけんfeudalistic, feudalism 豊作ほうさくabundant harvest, bumper crop 方策ほうさくplan, policy 奉仕ほうしattendance, service 方式ほうしきform, method 放射ほうしゃradiation, emission 放射能ほうしゃのうradioactivity, radiation 報酬ほうしゅうremuneration, recompense 放出ほうしゅつrelease, emit 報じるほうじるto inform, to report 報ずるほうずるto inform, to report 紡績ぼうせきspinning, spinning (textiles)呆然ぼうぜんdumbfounded, overcome with surprise 放置ほうちleave as is, leave alone 膨張ぼうちょうexpansion, swelling 法廷ほうていcourtroom, court (of law)報道ほうどうcoverage, report 冒頭ぼうとうbeginning, start 暴動ぼうどうinsurrection, riot 褒美ほうびreward, prize 暴風ぼうふうstorm, windstorm 葬るほうむるto bury, to entomb 放り込むほうりこむto throw into, to toss into 放り出すほうりだすto throw out, to give up 暴力ぼうりょくviolence, mayhem 飽和ほうわsaturation, satiation 保温ほおんretaining warmth, keeping heat in 捕獲ほかくcapture, seizure 保管ほかんcustody, safekeeping 補給ほきゅうsupply, supplying 補強ほきょうreinforcement, strengthening 募金ぼきんfund-raising, collection of funds 牧師ぼくしpastor, minister 捕鯨ほげいwhaling, whale hunting 惚けるぼけるto grow senile, to fade 保険ほけんinsurance, guarantee 母校ぼこうalma mater 母国ぼこくone's home country (same as 自分の国 (じぶんのくに)), one's home country 誇るほこるto boast of, to be proud of 綻びるほころびるto come apart at the seams, to smile broadly 干し～ほし～dried ~ポジションposition 干し物ほしものdried washing (clothes, things dried in the sun (esp. clothes, dyed cloth, etc.)保守ほしゅconservative, maintaining 補充ほじゅうsupplementation, replenishment 補助ほじょassistance, support 舗装ほそうpavement, road surface 補足ほそくsupplement, complement 墓地ぼちcemetery, graveyard 発作ほっさfit, attack 没収ぼっしゅうforfeited, seizure 発足ほっそくstarting, inauguration ポットpot, pot (esp. teapot, coffee pot)ほっぺたcheek ぼつぼつgradually, here and there 没落ぼつらくruin, fall 解けるほどけるto come untied, to come apart 施すほどこすto give, to conduct ほとりvicinity of lake, river ぼやくto grumble, to complain ぼやけるto become dim, to become blurred 保養ほようhealth preservation, recuperation 捕虜ほりょprisoner of war, prisoner (of war)ボルトvolt, bolt 滅びるほろびるto be ruined, to perish 滅ぼすほろぼすto destroy, to overthrow 本格ほんかくpropriety, full-scale 本館ほんかんmain building, main building (as opposed to an annex, outbuilding, etc.)本気ほんきseriousness, truth 本国ほんごくone's own country, home country 本質ほんしつessence, true nature 本体ほんたいsubstance, body 本音ほんね(one's) real intention, motive 本能ほんのうinstinct 本場ほんばhome, best place ポンプpump 本文ほんぶんtext (of document), body (of letter)本名ほんみょうreal name マークmark, sign マイ～my ~, one's own ~マイクロフォンmicrophone 埋蔵まいぞうburied property, treasure trove 舞うまうto dance, to flutter about 真上まうえjust above, right overhead 前売まえうりadvance sale, booking 前置きまえおきpreface, introduction 負かすまかすto defeat 任すまかすto entrust, to leave to a person 賄うまかなうto give board to, to provide meals 紛らわしいまぎらわしいconfusing, misleading 紛れるまぎれるto be diverted, to slip into 真心まごころsincerity, devotion まごつくto be confused, to be flustered 誠まことtruth, faith 誠にまことにindeed, really (very polite)まさしくsurely, no doubt 勝るまさるto excel, to surpass 交えるまじえるto mix, to converse with 真下ましたright under, directly below ましてstill more, still less (with neg. verb)交わるまじわるto cross, to intersect 麻酔ますいanesthesia, anaesthesia またがる (うまを～)to straddle 待ち合わせまちあわせappointment 待ち遠しいまちどおしいlooking forward to, longed-for 待ち望むまちのぞむto look anxiously for, to wait eagerly for まちまちvarious, different 末期まっきdeathbed, hour of death 真っ二つまっぷたつin two equal parts, two equal parts まとmark, target 纏まりまとまりconclusion, settlement 纏めまとめsettlement, conclusion 免れるまぬがれるto escape from, to be exempted 招きまねきinvitation 瞬きまばたきwink, twinkling (of stars)麻痺まひparalysis, palsy 眉まゆeyebrow, eyebrows 鞠まりball, ball (for sport, games, etc.)丸ごとまるごとin its entirety, whole まるっきりcompletely, perfectly 丸々まるまるcompletely, plump 丸めるまるめるto make round, to round off 満月まんげつfull moon 満場まんじょうunanimous, whole audience 真ん前まんまえright in front, under the nose 真ん丸いまんまるいperfectly circular, perfectly round 真ん円いまんまるいperfectly round, perfectly circular 見合いみあいformal marriage interview, (formal) meeting with a view to marriage 見合わせるみあわせるto exchange glances, to postpone 見落とすみおとすto overlook, to fail to notice 未開みかいsavage land, backward region 味覚みかくtaste, palate 幹みき(tree) trunk, tree trunk 見苦しいみぐるしいunsightly, ugly 見込みみこみprospects, expectation 未婚みこんunmarried, not yet married 未熟みじゅくinexperience, unskilled 微塵みじんparticle, atom 水気みずけmoisture, dampness ミスプリントmisprint みすぼらしいshabby, seedy ミセスMrs., Mrs 見せびらかすみせびらかすto show off, to flaunt 見せ物みせものshow, exhibition 溝みぞditch, drain 満たすみたすto satisfy, to ingratiate 乱すみだすto throw out of order, to disarrange 乱れるみだれるto get confused, to be disordered 未知みちnot yet known, unknown 身近みぢかnear oneself, close to one 導くみちびくto be guided, to be shown 密集みっしゅうcrowd, close formation 密接みっせつconnected, close 密度みつどdensity 見積もりみつもりestimation, quotation 未定みていnot yet fixed, undecided 見通しみとおしperspective, unobstructed view 見なすみなすto consider as, to regard 源みなもとsource, origin 見習うみならうto follow another's example, to follow (someone's) example 身なりみなりpersonal appearance, dress 峰みねpeak, ridge 身の上みのうえone's future, one's welfare 見逃すみのがすto miss, to overlook 身の回りみのまわりone's personal appearance, personal belongings 見計らうみはからうto choose at one's own discretion, to choose when to do something 見晴らしみはらしview, (scenic) view 身振りみぶりgesture, gesticulation 脈みゃくpulse, vein ミュージックmusic 未練みれんlingering affection, attachment 見渡すみわたすto look out over, to survey (scene)民宿みんしゅくprivate house providing lodging and meals to tourists, guest house 民俗みんぞくfolk customs, folkways 民族みんぞくpeople, race ムードmood, atmosphere 無意味むいみnonsense, no meaning 無口むくちreticence, taciturn 婿むこson-in-law, husband 無効むこうinvalid, no effect 無言むごんsilence, silence (not speaking)無邪気むじゃきinnocence, simple-mindedness むしるto pluck, to pick 結びむすびending, conclusion 結び付きむすびつきconnection, relation 結び付くむすびつくto be connected or related, to join together 結び付けるむすびつけるto combine, to join 無線むせんwireless, radio 無駄遣いむだづかいwaste money on, squander money on 無断むだんwithout permission, without notice 無知むちignorance, innocence 無茶むちゃabsurd, unreasonable 無茶苦茶むちゃくちゃconfused, jumbled 空しいむなしいvacant, futile 無念むねんchagrin, regret 無能むのうinefficiency, incompetence 無闇にむやみにunreasonably, absurdly 無用むようuseless, needlessness 斑むらunevenness, inconsistency 群がるむらがるto swarm, to gather 無論むろんof course, naturally メーカーmanufacturer, manufacturer (esp. a major company)名産めいさんnoted product, local specialty 名称めいしょうname, title 命中めいちゅうa hit, (direct) hit 明白めいはくobvious, clear 名簿めいぼregister of names, list of names 名誉めいよhonor, credit 明瞭めいりょうclarity, clear 明朗めいろうbright, clear 目方めかたweight 恵みめぐみblessing, grace 恵むめぐむto bless, to show mercy to 目覚しいめざましいbrilliant, remarkable 目覚めるめざめるto wake up, to awake 召すめすto call, to send for 雌めすfemale (animal), female (animal, plant)目付きめつきlook, expression of the eyes 滅亡めつぼうdownfall, collapse メディアmedia 目途めどgoal, outlook 目盛めもりscale, gradations メロディーmelody, tune 面会めんかいinterview, meeting (face-to-face)免除めんじょexemption, exoneration 面するめんするto face on, to look out on to 面目めんぼくface, honor 面目めんもくface, honor モーテルmotel, drive-in love hotel 設けるもうけるto create, to establish 申し入れるもうしいれるto propose, to suggest 申込もうしこみapplication, request 申出もうしでrequest, claim 申し出るもうしでるto report to, to tell 申し分もうしぶんobjection, shortcomings 盲点もうてんblind spot, blind spot (on the retina)猛烈もうれつviolent, vehement もがくto struggle, to wriggle 目録もくろくcatalogue, catalog 目論見もくろみa plan, a scheme 模型もけいmodel, dummy 模索もさくgroping (for), fumbling around (for)もしかしてperhaps, possibly もしくはor, otherwise もたらすto bring, to take 持ち切りもちきりhot topic, talk of the town 目下もっかat present, now 専らもっぱらwholly, solely もてなすto entertain, to make welcome もてるto be well liked, to be popular モニター(computer) monitor, monitor (device, software or person)物好きものずき(idle) curiosity, fancifulness 物足りないものたりないunsatisfied, unsatisfactory もはやalready, now 模範もはんmodel, example 模倣もほうimitation, copying もめるto disagree, to dispute 股ももthigh, femur 腿ももthigh, femur 催すもよおすto hold (a meeting), to give (a dinner)漏らすもらすto let leak, to reveal 盛り上がるもりあがるto rouse, to swell 漏るもるto leak, to run out 漏れるもれるto leak out, to escape 脆いもろいbrittle, fragile もろにcompletely, altogether 矢やarrow, wedge 野外やがいfields, outskirts 夜具やぐbedding, bedclothes 役職やくしょくpost, managerial position 役場やくばtown hall やけにsure, very 屋敷やしきmansion, residence 養うやしなうto rear, to maintain 野心やしんambition, aspiration 安っぽいやすっぽいcheap-looking, tawdry 休めるやすめるto rest, to suspend 野生やせいwild, growing wild 奴やつ(vulg.) fellow, guy 闇やみdarkness, shady 病むやむto fall ill, to be ill ややこしいpuzzling, tangled やりとおすto carry through, to achieve やりとげるto accomplish, to finish 和らげるやわらげるto soften, to moderate ヤングyoung, youth 優位ゆういpredominance, ascendancy 憂鬱ゆううつdepression, melancholy 有益ゆうえきbeneficial, profitable 優越ゆうえつsupremacy, predominance 勇敢ゆうかんbravery, heroism 夕暮れゆうぐれevening, (evening) twilight 融資ゆうしfinancing, loan 融通ゆうずうadaptability, versatility 有するゆうするto own, to be endowed with 優勢ゆうせいsuperiority, superior power 優先ゆうせんpreference, priority 誘導ゆうどうguidance, leading 優美ゆうびgrace, refinement 有望ゆうぼうgood prospects, full of hope 遊牧ゆうぼくnomadism 夕焼けゆうやけsunset, evening glow 有力ゆうりょくinfluence, prominence 幽霊ゆうれいghost, specter 誘惑ゆうわくtemptation, allurement 故ゆえreason, cause 歪むゆがむto warp, to be crooked 揺さぶるゆさぶるto shake, to jolt 濯ぐゆすぐto rinse, to wash out ゆとりreserve, affluence ユニークunique, original ユニフォームuniform 指差すゆびさすto point at 弓ゆみbow, bow (weapon)揺らぐゆらぐto swing, to sway 緩むゆるむto become loose, to slacken 緩めるゆるめるto loosen, to slow down 緩やかゆるやかlenient, loose 要因よういんprimary factor, main cause 溶液ようえきsolution, solution (liquid)用件ようけんbusiness, thing to be done 養護ようごprotection, nursing 用紙ようしa form, blank form 様式ようしきstyle, form 要するようするto demand, to require 要請ようせいclaim, demand 様相ようそうaspect, phase 用品ようひんarticles, supplies 洋風ようふうwestern style 用法ようほうdirections, rules of use 要望ようぼうdemand for, request 余暇よかleisure, leisure time 予感よかんpresentiment, premonition 余興よきょうside show, entertainment 預金よきんdeposit, bank account 欲よくgreed, wants 抑圧よくあつrestraint, oppression 浴室よくしつbathroom, bath 抑制よくせいcontrol, restraint 欲深いよくふかいgreedy 欲望よくぼうdesire, appetite 避けるよけるto avoid (physical contact with; to ward off, to avert, to avoid (physical contact with)予言よげんprediction, promise 横綱よこづなsumo grand champion, yokozuna (highest rank in sumo)汚れよごれdirt, filth 良しよしall right!, good よし (かん)all right!善し悪しよしあしgood or bad, merits or demerits 余所見よそみlooking away, looking aside 余地よちplace, room よって (よりどころ)therefore, consequently 与党よとうgovernment party, (ruling) party in power 呼び止めるよびとめるto flag down, to (call and) stop 夜更しよふかしstaying up late, keeping late hours 夜更けよふけlate at night, small hours of the morning 余程よほどvery, much 読み上げるよみあげるto read out loud (and clearly), to call a roll 寄り掛かるよりかかるto lean against, to recline on 世論よろんpublic opinion, popular voice 弱るよわるto weaken, to be troubled 来場らいじょうattendance ライスrice, rice (esp. when served on a plate)酪農らくのうdairy farming 落下らっかfall, drop 楽観らっかんoptimism, taking an optimistic view ランプlamp, ramp 濫用らんようabuse, misuse リードlead, reed 理屈りくつtheory, reason 利子りしinterest (bank), interest (on a deposit, loan, etc.)利潤りじゅんprofit, returns 理性りせいreason, sense 利息りそくinterest (bank), interest (on a loan, deposit etc.)立体りったいsolid body, three-dimensional object 立法りっぽうlegislation, lawmaking 立方りっぽうcube 利点りてんadvantage, point in favor 略語りゃくごabbreviation, acronym 略奪りゃくだつpillage, looting 流通りゅうつうcirculation of money or goods, distribution 領域りょういきarea, territory 了解りょうかいcomprehension, consent 領海りょうかいterritorial waters 両極りょうきょくboth extremities, north and south poles 良好りょうこうfavorable, satisfactory 良識りょうしきgood sense 良質りょうしつgood quality, superior quality 了承りょうしょうacknowledgment, understanding 良心りょうしんconscience 領地りょうちterritory, dominion 領土りょうどterritory, possession 両立りょうりつcompatibility, coexistence 旅客りょかくpassenger, traveller 旅券りょけんpassport 履歴りれきpersonal history, background 理論りろんtheory 林業りんぎょうforestry ルーズloose, careless (with something, esp. time, money, promises, etc.)類るいkind, class 類似るいじanalogous, resemblance 類推るいすいanalogy, analogical reasoning レースrace, lace 冷酷れいこくcruelty, coldheartedness 冷蔵れいぞうrefrigeration, cold storage 冷淡れいたんcoolness, indifference レギュラーregular, standard レッスンlesson レディーlady レバーlever, liver 恋愛れんあいlove, romance 連休れんきゅうconsecutive holidays レンジrange, stove 連日れんじつevery day, day after day 連帯れんたいsolidarity, joint レンタカーrented car, rental car 連中れんちゅうcolleagues, company レントゲンX-ray (lit: Roentgen), X-ray 連邦れんぽうcommonwealth, federation of states 連盟れんめいleague, union ロープrope ロープウエイropeway, aerial tram 老衰ろうすいsenility, senile decay 朗読ろうどくreading aloud, recitation 浪費ろうひwaste, extravagance 労力ろうりょくlabor, effort ろくなsatisfactory, decent 露骨ろこつblunt, outspoken ロマンチックromantic 論議ろんぎdiscussion, argument 論理ろんりlogic 惑星わくせいplanet, dark horse 技わざart, technique わざわざtake the trouble (to do), doing something especially rather than incidentally 煩わしいわずらわしいburdensome, troublesome 渡り鳥わたりどりmigratory bird, bird of passage ワットwatt 詫びわびapology 和文わぶんJapanese text, sentence in Japanese 藁わらstraw 割当わりあてallotment, allocation 割込むわりこむto cut in, to disturb 悪者わるものbad fellow, rascal 我われme, oneself

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